Puterka Gary J, Nicholson Scott J, Cooper W R
Plant Science Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 1301 N. Western Rd., Stillwater, OK 74074.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, 246 Nobel Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078.
J Econ Entomol. 2017 Aug 1;110(4):1518-1524. doi: 10.1093/jee/tox168.
Different concentrations of sucrose were used to investigate how survival and feeding was affected in four species of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Seven sucrose concentrations were evaluated in feeding chambers fitted with parafilm membranes and infested with nymphs of Aphis glycines Matsumura, Diuraphis noxia Kurdjumov, Myzus persicae Sulzer, or Schizaphis graminum Rondani at 25 °C and a photoperiod of 14:10 (L:D) h. Survival on each diet was recorded 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 d. Diet volumes (μl) consumed and amounts of honeydew produced were then determined. Aphid survival differed significantly by concentration, time (d), and aphid species. Aphis glycines survival was highest (83.8%) on 30% sucrose although percent survival in the 70's occurred on concentrations ranging from 15-25%. Diuraphis noxia survival was highest on the 15 and 20% sucrose concentrations. Survival for Myzus persicae was optimal on 20% sucrose (92%) but did not differ that much (5%) on concentrations of 15-35%. Schizaphis graminum survival (93.0-93.6%) was highest on sucrose concentrations ranging from 20-30% sucrose. Myzus persicae and S. graminum, which feed on a wide-range of host plants, were overall more adapted to feeding on a wider range of sucrose concentrations than the more host-restricted aphid species, A. glycines. Diet consumption by A. glycines did not vary on the sucrose concentrations, but D. noxia and M. persicae exhibited increased consumption on diets that provided optimal survival. Results will aid in the design of short-term studies using sucrose-only diets to evaluate effects of bioactive materials on aphid survival for up to 11 d.
使用不同浓度的蔗糖来研究四种蚜虫（半翅目：蚜科）的存活和取食情况受到了怎样的影响。在配备了石蜡膜的饲养室中评估了七种蔗糖浓度，饲养室在25°C和14:10（光照:黑暗）小时的光周期条件下接种了大豆蚜Matsumura、麦二叉蚜Kurdjumov、桃蚜Sulzer或禾谷缢管蚜Rondani的若虫。记录每种饮食条件下1、3、5、7、9和11天的存活情况。然后测定消耗的饮食体积（微升）和产生的蜜露量。蚜虫的存活在浓度、时间（天）和蚜虫种类上存在显著差异。大豆蚜在30%蔗糖上的存活率最高（83.8%），尽管在70%左右的存活率出现在15 - 25%的浓度范围内。麦二叉蚜在15%和20%蔗糖浓度下的存活率最高。桃蚜在20%蔗糖上的存活率最佳（92%），但在15 - 35%的浓度下差异不大（5%）。禾谷缢管蚜在20 - 30%蔗糖浓度范围内的存活率最高（93.0 - 93.6%）。与寄主范围较窄的蚜虫种类大豆蚜相比，以多种寄主植物为食的桃蚜和禾谷缢管蚜总体上更适应在更广泛的蔗糖浓度下取食。大豆蚜对蔗糖浓度的饮食消耗量没有变化，但麦二叉蚜和桃蚜在提供最佳存活的饮食上消耗量增加。这些结果将有助于设计短期研究，使用仅含蔗糖的饮食来评估生物活性物质对蚜虫长达11天存活的影响。
