Ozkurt Zulal, Tanriverdi Esra Cinar
Department of Infectious Diseases, Atatürk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey.
Department of Medical Education, Atatürk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey.
Eurasian J Med. 2017 Jun;49(2):142-147. doi: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2017.17147.
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus of the genus, and it has an envelope and a single RNA molecule. In early 2016, the World Health Organization declared ZIKV infection to be an emerging global health threat. The major transmission route of the virus to humans is mosquitoes. ZIKV can be transmitted between humans by transplacental, perinatal, and sexual routes and via blood and body fluids. ZIKV infection usually results in a mild and self-limiting disease with low-grade fever, conjunctivitis, and periorbital edema. Neurological complications such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, meningoencephalitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, acute myelitis, and transverse myelitis have been reported during ZIKV infection. Intrauterine and congenital ZIKV infections have strong teratogenic effects on the fetus. Intrauterine or congenital ZIKV infection can lead to microcephaly, ocular anomalies (such as macular atrophy, pigment mottling, and optic nerve anomalies), and cardiac anomalies (such as atrial or ventricular septal defect). Calcification in the brain between the cortical and subcortical areas, ventriculomegaly, cerebellar hypoplasia, corpus callosum hypoplasia, cortical/subcortical atrophy, delayed myelination, enlarged cisterna magna, and craniofacial disproportion have been reported as brain development defects. ZIKV infection usually results in a mild disease, and it does not require specific therapy. However, complications of infection during the early period of life are serious. Thus, many drugs have been investigated, and vaccine development studies have been conducted to prevent ZIKV infection. Vector control and personal protection from mosquito-borne transmission are important for decreasing the prevalence of ZIKV infection. In particular, pregnant residents or travelers to endemic areas should be carefully protected against mosquito-borne transmission.
寨卡病毒（ZIKV）是该属的一种虫媒病毒，它有包膜和单个RNA分子。2016年初，世界卫生组织宣布寨卡病毒感染是一种新出现的全球健康威胁。该病毒向人类传播的主要途径是蚊子。寨卡病毒可通过胎盘、围产期和性途径以及血液和体液在人与人之间传播。寨卡病毒感染通常导致一种轻度的自限性疾病，伴有低热、结膜炎和眶周水肿。在寨卡病毒感染期间，已报告出现格林-巴利综合征、脑膜脑炎、急性播散性脑脊髓炎、急性脊髓炎和横贯性脊髓炎等神经并发症。宫内和先天性寨卡病毒感染对胎儿有很强的致畸作用。宫内或先天性寨卡病毒感染可导致小头畸形、眼部异常（如黄斑萎缩、色素沉着和视神经异常）以及心脏异常（如房间隔或室间隔缺损）。脑皮质和皮质下区域之间的脑内钙化、脑室扩大、小脑发育不全、胼胝体发育不全、皮质/皮质下萎缩、髓鞘形成延迟、枕大池扩大和颅面比例失调已被报告为脑发育缺陷。寨卡病毒感染通常导致轻度疾病，不需要特殊治疗。然而，生命早期感染的并发症很严重。因此，已经研究了许多药物，并开展了疫苗研发研究以预防寨卡病毒感染。控制病媒和个人防护以防止蚊虫传播对于降低寨卡病毒感染的流行率很重要。特别是，应仔细保护流行地区的孕妇居民或旅行者免受蚊虫传播。
