Del Carmen Cuevas-Díaz María, Vázquez-Luna Dinora, Martínez-Hernández Sergio, Guzmán-López Oswaldo, Ortíz-Ceballos Angel I
Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada (INBIOTECA), Universidad Veracruzana, Av. de las Culturas Veracruzanas 101. Col. E. Zapata, 91090, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Campus Coatzacoalcos, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Universidad Km 7.5 Col. Santa Isabel, 96538, Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz, Mexico.
Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2017 Aug;99(2):154-160. doi: 10.1007/s00128-017-2126-2. Epub 2017 Jun 21.
Contamination of soil with petroleum is common in oil-producing areas across the tropical regions of the world. There is limited knowledge on the sensitivity of endogeic tropical earthworms to the contamination of soil with total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) present in crude oil. Pontoscolex corethrurus is a dominant species in tropical agroecosystems around oil-processing facilities. The sensitivity of P. corethrurus to soil artificially contaminated with "Maya" Mexican heavy crude oil was investigated through avoidance and acute ecotoxicity tests, using the following measured concentrations: 0 (reference soil), 551, 969, 4845, 9991 and 14,869 mg/kg. The avoidance test showed that P. corethrurus displayed a significant avoidance behavior to heavy crude oil at a concentration of 9991 mg/kg or higher. In contrast, acute toxicity tests indicate that the median lethal concentration (LC) was 3067.32 mg/kg; however, growth (weight loss) was more sensitive than mortality. Our study revealed that P. corethrurus is sensitive to TPH, thus highlighting the importance of P. corethrurus for petroleum ecotoxicological tests.
在世界热带地区的产油区，土壤被石油污染的情况很常见。关于内生热带蚯蚓对原油中总石油烃（TPH）污染土壤的敏感性，人们了解有限。庞托斯科莱克斯蚓是石油加工设施周围热带农业生态系统中的优势物种。通过回避试验和急性生态毒性试验，研究了庞托斯科莱克斯蚓对人工被“玛雅”墨西哥重质原油污染土壤的敏感性，采用以下测量浓度：0（对照土壤）、551、969、4845、9991和14869毫克/千克。回避试验表明，庞托斯科莱克斯蚓在浓度为9991毫克/千克或更高时，对重质原油表现出显著的回避行为。相比之下，急性毒性试验表明，半数致死浓度（LC）为3067.32毫克/千克；然而，生长（体重减轻）比死亡率更敏感。我们的研究表明，庞托斯科莱克斯蚓对TPH敏感，从而突出了庞托斯科莱克斯蚓在石油生态毒理学试验中的重要性。
