Academia de Ingeniería en Agrotecnología, Universidad Politécnica del Golfo de México., Carretera Federal Malpaso-El Bellote km. 17, Ranchería Monte Adentro, 86600, Paraíso, Tabasco, Mexico.
Departamento de Ciencias de la Sustentabilidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Av. Rancho Polígono 2A, Parque Industrial Lerma, 24500, Campeche, Campeche, Mexico.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2017 Jan;24(2):1769-1783. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-7877-5. Epub 2016 Oct 29.
Under greenhouse conditions, we evaluated establishment of four tree species and their capacity to degrade crude oil recently incorporated into the soil; the species were as follows: Cedrela odorata (tropical cedar), Haematoxylum campechianum (tinto bush), Swietenia macrophylla (mahogany), and Tabebuia rosea (macuilis). Three-month-old plants were planted in soil with three treatments of heavy petroleum and a control (C0 0 mg kg; C1 18,000 mg kg; C2 31,700 mg kg; C3 47,100 mg kg) with four repetitions per treatment and species; the experiment was carried out for 245 days. Height and biomass of all species significantly diminished as petroleum concentration increased, although plant survival was not affected. The quantity of colony-forming units (CFU) of rhizospheric bacteria varied among tree species and treatments; petroleum stimulated bacterial CFU for S. macrophylla. The number of fungi CFU for S. macrophylla and T. rosea was significantly greater in C0 than in soil with petroleum, but among species and among different concentrations, no significant differences were found. The greatest percentage of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) degradation was found in C1 for soil without plants (45 %). Differences from the remaining treatments (petroleum concentrations in soil and plant species) were not significant (P < 0.05). Among all trees, H. campechianum had the greatest TPH degradation (32.5 % in C2). T. rosea (C1) and H. campechianum (C2) resulted in petroleum degradation at levels ranging from 20.5 to 32.5 %. On the basis of this experiment, the tree species used did not improve TPH degradation. However, all of them showed high rates of survival and vigor. So, as tree species provide goods and services, experiments with inoculation of hydrocarbonclastic microorganisms, addition of fertilizers, and mixture of tree and grasses are recommended.
在温室条件下，我们评估了四个树种的建立及其将最近掺入土壤中的原油降解的能力；这些物种如下：Cedrela odorata（热带雪松）、Haematoxylum campechianum（红树）、Swietenia macrophylla（桃花心木）和Tabebuia rosea（Macuilis）。将三个月大的植物种植在含有三种重油处理和一种对照（C0 0 mg kg；C1 18000 mg kg；C2 31700 mg kg；C3 47100 mg kg）的土壤中，每种处理和物种重复四次；实验进行了 245 天。随着石油浓度的增加，所有物种的高度和生物量都显著减少，尽管植物的存活率没有受到影响。根际细菌的集落形成单位（CFU）数量因树种和处理而异；石油刺激了 S. macrophylla 的细菌 CFU。S. macrophylla 和 T. rosea 的真菌 CFU 在 C0 中明显高于含石油的土壤，但在物种间和不同浓度间，没有发现显著差异。未种植植物的土壤中 C1 中总石油烃（TPH）的降解率最高（45%）。与其余处理（土壤中的石油浓度和植物物种）的差异不显著（P < 0.05）。在所有树木中，H. campechianum 的 TPH 降解率最高（C2 中为 32.5%）。T. rosea（C1）和 H. campechianum（C2）导致石油降解水平在 20.5%至 32.5%之间。基于这项实验，所使用的树种并没有提高 TPH 的降解。然而，它们都表现出很高的存活率和活力。因此，作为树木提供商品和服务，建议进行接种烃类降解微生物、添加肥料以及树木和草混合的实验。
