Stansfield Bulygina Ekaterina, Rasskasova Anna, Berezina Natalia, Soficaru Andrei D
Archaeology Department, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.
Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 125009, Russia.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 2017 Sep;164(1):163-183. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.23264. Epub 2017 Jun 22.
Remains from several Eastern European and Siberian Mesolithic and Neolithic sites are analysed to clarify their biological relationships. We assume that groups' geographical distances correlate with genetic and, therefore, morphological distances between them.
Material includes complete male crania from several Mesolithic and Neolithic burial sites across Northern Eurasia and from several modern populations. Geometric morphometrics and multivariate statistical techniques are applied to explore morphological trends, group distances, and correlations with their geographical position, climate, and the time of origin.
Despite an overlap in the morphology among the modern and archeological groups, some of them show significant morphological distances. Geographical parameters account for only a small proportion of cranial variation in the sample, with larger variance explained by geography and age together. Expectations of isolation by distance are met in some but not in all cases. Climate accounts for a large proportion of autocorrelation with geography. Nearest-neighbor joining trees demonstrate group relationships predicted by the regression on geography and on climate.
The obtained results are discussed in application to relationships between particular groups. Unlike the Ukrainian Mesolithic, the Yuzhny Oleni Ostrov Mesolithic displays a high morphological affinity with several groups from Northern Eurasia of both European and Asian origin. A possibility of a common substrate for the Yuzhny Oleni Ostrov Mesolithic and Siberian Neolithic groups is reviewed. The Siberian Neolithic is shown to have morphological connection with both modern Siberian groups and the Native North Americans.
对来自东欧和西伯利亚的几个中石器时代和新石器时代遗址的遗骸进行分析，以厘清它们之间的生物学关系。我们假设群体之间的地理距离与基因距离相关，因此也与形态距离相关。
材料包括来自欧亚大陆北部多个中石器时代和新石器时代墓葬遗址的完整男性颅骨以及几个现代人群的颅骨。应用几何形态测量学和多变量统计技术来探究形态趋势、群体距离以及与地理位置、气候和起源时间的相关性。
尽管现代群体和考古群体在形态上存在重叠，但其中一些群体显示出显著的形态距离。地理参数在样本颅骨变异中仅占很小一部分，地理和年龄共同解释了更大的变异。在某些但并非所有情况下都符合距离隔离的预期。气候与地理的自相关性占很大比例。最近邻连接树展示了由地理和气候回归预测的群体关系。
将所得结果应用于特定群体之间的关系进行讨论。与乌克兰中石器时代不同，南奥列尼岛中石器时代与来自欧亚大陆北部的几个欧洲和亚洲起源的群体表现出高度的形态相似性。探讨了南奥列尼岛中石器时代和西伯利亚新石器时代群体存在共同基础的可能性。西伯利亚新石器时代被证明与现代西伯利亚群体和北美原住民都存在形态联系。
