Benoit Sophie, Rouleau Isabelle, Langlois Roxane, Dostie Valérie, Kergoat Marie-Jeanne, Joubert Sven
Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal.
Neuropsychology. 2017 Oct;31(7):697-707. doi: 10.1037/neu0000387. Epub 2017 Jun 22.
Famous people knowledge has been shown to be impaired early in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). However, the question of whether recently acquired knowledge is more impaired than remotely acquired knowledge remains a matter of debate. The aim of this study was to investigate the patterns of semantic memory impairment in aMCI and AD by investigating 2 factors that may influence the retrieval of such knowledge, namely remoteness and frequency of repetition of information over time.
Three groups (19 controls, 20 aMCI, and 20 AD patients) were compared on a test assessing general and specific biographical knowledge about famous people, where the period of acquired fame (remote vs. recent) and the type of fame (enduring vs. transient) were controlled for.
Global performance of aMCI and AD patients was significantly poorer than that of controls. However, different patterns of recall were observed as a function of time and type of fame. A temporal gradient was found in both patient groups for enduring names but not for transient ones, whereby knowledge about remote enduring famous persons was better recalled. Patients were more impaired at questions assessing specific biographical knowledge (unique to an individual) than more general knowledge.
Tests of famous people knowledge offer a unique opportunity to investigate semantic deficits in aMCI and AD, because they make it possible to estimate the time at which memories were acquired, as well as the type of fame. Results are discussed in light of memory consolidation models. (PsycINFO Database Record
研究表明，在阿尔茨海默病（AD）和遗忘型轻度认知障碍（aMCI）早期，名人知识就已受损。然而，最近获得的知识是否比远期获得的知识受损更严重，这一问题仍存在争议。本研究的目的是通过调查可能影响此类知识检索的两个因素，即信息的远期性和随时间的重复频率，来探究aMCI和AD中语义记忆损害的模式。
对三组被试（19名对照组、20名aMCI患者和20名AD患者）进行一项测试，该测试评估关于名人的一般和特定传记知识，同时控制成名时期（远期与近期）和成名类型（持久型与短暂型）。
aMCI患者和AD患者的整体表现显著差于对照组。然而，根据时间和成名类型观察到不同的回忆模式。在两组患者中，对于持久型名人名字存在时间梯度效应，而对于短暂型名人名字则没有，即对远期持久型名人的知识回忆得更好。在评估特定传记知识（个人独有的）的问题上，患者比在评估更一般知识的问题上受损更严重。
名人知识测试为研究aMCI和AD中的语义缺陷提供了独特的机会，因为它能够估计记忆获取的时间以及成名类型。根据记忆巩固模型对结果进行了讨论。（PsycINFO数据库记录
