Kanturski Mariusz, Karcz Jagna, Kaszyca Natalia, Depa Łukasz
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
Scanning Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland.
Arthropod Struct Dev. 2017 Jul;46(4):496-507. doi: 10.1016/j.asd.2017.06.001. Epub 2017 Jul 6.
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light stereoscopic microscopy (LSM) were used for the first time to elucidate the external morphology of the so called "trophobiotic organ" on the end of abdomen of apterous viviparous females of six aphid species (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae), representatives of the myrmecophilous, subterranean aphids from the subfamilies Anoeciinae (Anoecia furcata), Eriosomatinae (Forda formicaria, Geoica utricularia, Tetraneura ulmi), and Lachninae (Protrama flavescens, Trama troglodytes). We examined and compared the external morphology in the parthenogenetic generation living on roots of deciduous plants. FE-SEM images based on HMDS preparation techniques revealed great similarity of perianal structures even between not closely related groups. Rectangular, vertically positioned anal plate, extremely shortened cauda and setae around the anus seem to be common features of these aphids. However, some differences in the number and length of setae, their arrangement and inclination of anal plate may be observed. The discussion focuses on the adaptive importance of such modifications, with respect to underground life mode and myrmecophily, but with reservations concerning living in galls by representatives of Eriosomatinae, which is hypothesized to be a factor driving the development of such modifications of perianal structures in this group of aphids.
首次使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和光学立体显微镜（LSM）来阐明六种蚜虫（昆虫纲：半翅目：蚜科）无翅胎生雌蚜腹部末端所谓“营养器官”的外部形态，这些蚜虫分别是蚁栖亚科（叉蚜）、绵蚜亚科（蚁绵蚜、地管绵蚜、葡萄根瘤蚜）和毛蚜亚科（黄小毛蚜、穴小毛蚜）的地下蚜虫代表。我们研究并比较了在落叶植物根部生活的孤雌生殖世代的外部形态。基于六甲基二硅氮烷制备技术的场发射扫描电子显微镜图像显示，即使在亲缘关系不密切的类群之间，肛周结构也有很大的相似性。矩形、垂直定位的肛板、极短的尾片以及肛门周围的刚毛似乎是这些蚜虫的共同特征。然而，在刚毛的数量和长度、其排列以及肛板的倾斜度方面可能会观察到一些差异。讨论集中在这些形态变化对于地下生活方式和蚁栖习性的适应性重要性，但对于绵蚜亚科代表在虫瘿中生活的情况有所保留，据推测这是驱动该组蚜虫肛周结构发生此类变化的一个因素。
