Gershon Anne A
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
J Infect. 2017 Jun;74 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S27-S33. doi: 10.1016/S0163-4453(17)30188-3.
Varicella and zoster continue to cause significant morbidity and even mortality in children and adults. Complications include bacterial superinfection, central nervous system manifestations such as meningitis, encephalitis, and cerebellar ataxia, and pain syndromes especially post herpetic neuralgia. Many developed countries but not all, are now administering live attenuated varicella vaccine routinely, with a decrease in the incidence of disease, providing personal and herd immunity. There is some controversy, however, in some countries concerning whether a decrease in the circulation of wild type virus will result in loss of immunity to VZV in persons who have already had varicella. This manuscript reviews the complications of varicella and zoster in detail, the reasons for development of vaccines against these diseases, complications of vaccinations, and mechanisms by which immunity to this virus develops and is maintained. There are strong indications that the best way to control disease and spread of this virus is by vaccination against both.
水痘和带状疱疹继续在儿童和成人中导致显著的发病率甚至死亡率。并发症包括细菌重叠感染、中枢神经系统表现，如脑膜炎、脑炎和小脑共济失调，以及疼痛综合征，尤其是疱疹后神经痛。许多发达国家（但并非全部）现在常规接种减毒活水痘疫苗，随着疾病发病率的下降，提供了个体和群体免疫力。然而，在一些国家存在一些争议，即野生型病毒传播的减少是否会导致已经患过水痘的人对水痘-带状疱疹病毒（VZV）的免疫力丧失。本文详细综述了水痘和带状疱疹的并发症、针对这些疾病研发疫苗的原因、疫苗接种的并发症，以及对该病毒产生和维持免疫力的机制。有强有力的迹象表明，控制这种病毒的疾病和传播的最佳方法是同时接种针对这两种疾病的疫苗。
