Qiu Xionghui, Duan Lei, Cai Siyi, Yu Qian, Wang Shuxiao, Chai Fahe, Gao Jian, Li Yanping, Xu Zhaoming
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre for Regional Environmental Quality, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
J Environ Sci (China). 2017 Jul;57:383-390. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.12.014. Epub 2016 Dec 30.
The national Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan required significant decreases in PM levels over China. To explore more effective emission abatement strategies in industrial cities, a case study was conducted in Baotou to evaluate the current national control measures. The total emissions of SO NO, PM and NMVOC (non-methane volatile organic compounds) in Baotou were 211.2Gg, 156.1Gg, 28.8Gg, and 48.5Gg, respectively in 2013, and they would experience a reduction of 30.4%, 26.6%, 15.1%, and 8.7%, respectively in 2017 and 39.0%, 32.0%, 24.4%, and 12.9%, respectively in 2020. The SO, NO and PM emissions from the industrial sector would experience a greater decrease, with reductions of 37%, 32.7 and 24.3%, respectively. From 2013 to 2020, the concentrations of SO, NO, and PM are expected to decline by approximately 30%, 10% and 14.5%, respectively. The reduction rate of SNA (sulfate, nitrate and ammonium) concentrations was significantly higher than that of PM in 2017, implying that the current key strategy toward controlling air pollutants from the industrial sector is more powerful for SNA. Although air pollution control measures implemented in the industrial sector could greatly reduce total emissions, constraining the emissions from lower sources such as residential coal combustion would be more effective in decreasing the concentration of PM from 2017 to 2020. These results suggest that even for a typical industrial city, the reduction of PM concentrations not only requires decreases in emissions from the industrial sector, but also from the low emission sources. The seasonal variation in sulfate concentration also showed that emission from coal-burning is the key factor to control during the heating season.
《国家大气污染防治行动计划》要求中国大幅降低细颗粒物（PM）水平。为探索工业城市更有效的减排策略，在包头开展了一项案例研究，以评估当前国家控制措施的成效。2013年包头的二氧化硫（SO）、氮氧化物（NO）、细颗粒物（PM）和非甲烷挥发性有机化合物（NMVOC）的排放总量分别为211.2Gg、156.1Gg、28.8Gg和48.5Gg，到2017年将分别减少30.4%、26.6%、15.1%和8.7%，到2020年将分别减少39.0%、32.0%、24.4%和12.9%。工业部门的SO、NO和PM排放量降幅更大，分别为37%、32.7%和24.3%。从2013年到2020年，预计SO、NO和PM的浓度将分别下降约30%、10%和14.5%。2017年，硫酸盐、硝酸盐和铵（SNA）浓度的下降速率明显高于PM，这意味着当前控制工业部门空气污染物的关键策略对SNA更有效。尽管工业部门实施的空气污染控制措施可大幅减少排放总量，但限制居民燃煤等低排放源的排放，在2017年至2020年期间降低PM浓度方面将更有效。这些结果表明，即使对于典型的工业城市，降低PM浓度不仅需要减少工业部门的排放，还需要减少低排放源的排放。硫酸盐浓度的季节变化还表明，燃煤排放是供暖季节需要控制的关键因素。
