Górniaczyk Aleksandra, Czech-Szczapa Barbara, Sobkowski Maciej, Chmaj-Wierzchowska Karolina
a Department of Preventive Medicine, Epidemiology Unit , Poznań University of Medical Sciences , Poznań , Poland.
b Department of Mother and Child Health , Poznań University of Medical Sciences , Poznań , Poland.
Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2017 Aug;22(4):321-325. doi: 10.1080/13625187.2017.1332304. Epub 2017 Jun 26.
The aim of the study was to investigate the health-related behaviours of pregnant women. Maternal health-related habits, use of psychoactive medicines, diet, prevention of neural tube defects, oral cavity hygiene, chronic diseases and physical activity were analysed in a group of pregnant women attending antenatal classes.
Hundred pregnant women recruited from various antenatal classes in Poznań, Poland, were investigated using a questionnaire based on the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System.
The results showed that 29% of pregnancies were unplanned. In women with higher education, 62% reported that they were taking folic acid supplements during pregnancy, in contrast with 35% women with a lower level of education (p = .012). The study showed that 24% of women were exposed to second-hand smoke during pregnancy, and this was more common among younger study participants (p = .038). Nine percentage of women admitted drinking alcohol during pregnancy. Pre-pregnancy alcohol consumption was more frequent among women with higher education (p = .011). Only 46.7% of women informed their dentist about their pregnancy, and these were more often older participants (p = .023).
The study found low maternal awareness regarding health-related behaviours, which presents a serious challenge to public health care in Poland. Pregnant women and those who wish to conceive need to be educated effectively about preventive measures in order to maintain optimal maternal and reproductive health, as well as normal fetal development.
本研究旨在调查孕妇与健康相关的行为。对一组参加产前课程的孕妇的孕产妇健康相关习惯、精神活性药物的使用、饮食、神经管缺陷的预防、口腔卫生、慢性病和体育活动进行了分析。
从波兰波兹南的各种产前课程中招募了100名孕妇，使用基于妊娠风险评估监测系统的问卷进行调查。
结果显示，29%的妊娠是意外妊娠。在受过高等教育的女性中，62%报告称她们在怀孕期间服用叶酸补充剂，相比之下，受教育程度较低的女性这一比例为35%（p = 0.012）。研究表明，24%的女性在怀孕期间接触二手烟，这在年轻的研究参与者中更为常见（p = 0.038）。9%的女性承认在怀孕期间饮酒。孕前饮酒在受过高等教育的女性中更为频繁（p = 0.011）。只有46.7%的女性告知牙医自己怀孕了，而且这些女性往往年龄较大（p = 0.023）。
该研究发现孕产妇对与健康相关行为的认知较低，这对波兰的公共卫生保健构成了严峻挑战。需要对孕妇和那些希望怀孕的人进行有效的预防措施教育，以维持最佳的孕产妇和生殖健康以及正常的胎儿发育。
