Martani Francesca, Beltrametti Fabrizio, Porro Danilo, Branduardi Paola, Lotti Marina
Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy.
Actygea S.r.l., Insubrias BioPark, 21040 Gerenzano (VA), Italy.
FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2017 Jul 6;364(13). doi: 10.1093/femsle/fnx134.
White-rot fungi are the main natural producers of lignin-modifying enzymes, i.e. laccases and peroxidases, whose secretion and activity allows the depolymerization of lignin and the release of polysaccharides contained in lignocellulose. These enzymes are able to oxidize, in addition to lignin, a wide spectrum of natural and synthetic substrates, making their industrial and biotechnological application appealing. However, the complex regulation of the synthesis of lignin-modifying enzymes, as well as the heterogeneous physiology of fungi in response to nutrients, makes the use of white-rot fungi as production platforms challenging. Finally, yet importantly, analytical methods are not fully standardized, making evaluations and comparisons ambiguous. Consequently, robust and cost-effective fermentative processes for the production of lignin-modifying enzymes by fungi have not yet been fully established, limiting their industrial exploitation. In this review, we describe the importance of both the media composition and the fermentative conditions for leveraging the fungal potential in terms of production titer and enzymatic biodiversity of lignin-modifying enzymes.
白腐真菌是木质素修饰酶（即漆酶和过氧化物酶）的主要天然生产者，其分泌和活性能够使木质素解聚并释放木质纤维素中所含的多糖。除了木质素之外，这些酶还能够氧化多种天然和合成底物，这使得它们在工业和生物技术领域的应用颇具吸引力。然而，木质素修饰酶合成的复杂调控以及真菌对营养物质的异质生理学特性，使得利用白腐真菌作为生产平台具有挑战性。最后但同样重要的是，分析方法尚未完全标准化，这使得评估和比较变得模糊不清。因此，尚未完全建立起用于真菌生产木质素修饰酶的稳健且具有成本效益的发酵工艺，限制了它们的工业开发。在这篇综述中，我们描述了培养基组成和发酵条件对于在木质素修饰酶的生产效价和酶生物多样性方面发挥真菌潜力的重要性。
