Schmalzer Sigrid
University of Massachusetts Amherst, United States.
Endeavour. 2017 Sep;41(3):94-101. doi: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2017.06.006. Epub 2017 Jun 24.
This paper uses the case of hybrid rice to chart changes in the meanings science has carried in China from the Mao era to today. It begins by using Chinese journal articles to reconstruct the 1970s development of hybrid rice technology by a network of diverse historical actors. It then documents the emergence during the Hua Guofeng era (1976-1978) of a historical narrative of hybrid rice centered on the figures of Yuan Longping and Hua Guofeng. Finally, it surveys post-1978 biographies of Yuan Longping to identify changes and continuities in scientific values. The paper demonstrates that, although the reform era has witnessed the replacement of most of the Maoist vision of mass (or tu) science with a vision far more consistent with the values of international, professional (yang) science, the legacy of the Mao era can still be seen in a continued emphasis on certain aspects of Mao Zedong Thought, a strong narrative of nationalist triumphalism, and a celebration of Yuan Longping as an "intellectual peasant."
本文以杂交水稻为例，梳理了从毛泽东时代至今科学在中国所承载意义的变化。文章开篇利用中国期刊文章，重构了20世纪70年代由众多不同历史人物构成的网络推动杂交水稻技术发展的历程。接着记录了在华国锋时代（1976 - 1978年）出现的以袁隆平和华国锋为核心人物的杂交水稻历史叙事。最后，审视1978年后关于袁隆平的传记，以确定科学价值观方面的变化与延续。本文表明，尽管改革时代见证了毛泽东时代大众（或土）科学的大部分愿景被一种与国际、专业（洋）科学价值观更为一致的愿景所取代，但毛泽东时代的遗产仍可见于对毛泽东思想某些方面的持续强调、强烈的民族主义胜利叙事以及将袁隆平颂扬为“知识农民”。
