Vaienti Enrico, Scita Giacomo, Ceccarelli Francesco, Pogliacomi Francesco
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Acta Biomed. 2017 Jun 7;88(2S):6-16. doi: 10.23750/abm.v88i2-S.6507.
The knee is the intermediate joint of the lower limb and it allows the movement between the femur, tibia and patella. Under normal conditions there is a normal distribution of the load forces on these three articular components in both the static load and during ambulation. The understanding of anatomy and knee biomechanics is important for the gait analysis, the diagnosis of joint diseases and the design and development of prosthetic implants. In the last decades comprehension of knee physiology and kinematics has led to the introduction of a wide range of enhanced prosthetic implant designs for a variety of indications. There are a number of types of total knee arthroplasty implant designs, which are intended to offer the surgeon options for individual patients. The various choices imply that each specific problem has a corresponding implant that provides a reliable solution. However, until the current date, it has not been possible to produce a prosthetic design fully restoring the complex kinematics of the normal knee joint.
膝关节是下肢的中间关节，它允许股骨、胫骨和髌骨之间的运动。在正常情况下，无论是静态负荷还是行走过程中，这三个关节部件上的负荷力都呈正态分布。了解膝关节的解剖结构和生物力学对于步态分析、关节疾病的诊断以及假肢植入物的设计和开发都很重要。在过去几十年里，对膝关节生理学和运动学的理解促使人们为各种适应症引入了多种改进的假肢植入物设计。全膝关节置换植入物设计有多种类型，旨在为外科医生提供针对个体患者的选择。这些不同的选择意味着每个特定问题都有一个能提供可靠解决方案的相应植入物。然而，直到目前，还无法生产出一种能完全恢复正常膝关节复杂运动学的假肢设计。
