Vasudev R, Gentil C G, Covian M R
Braz J Med Biol Res. 1985;18(1):3-14.
Bipolar stainless steel electrodes or stainless steel cannulas were implanted stereotaxically into the lateral hypothalamus of rats. Drinking was elicited by electrical or chemical (carbachol or angiotensin II) stimulation of animals, which were offered water and solutions of sodium chloride, saccharin, acetic acid and quinine. During electrical stimulation, ingestion of water and of all the solutions increased significantly. The same rats ingested significantly more sodium chloride and saccharin solution after 23 h water deprivation and electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus. Carbachol administered into the lateral hypothalamus induced ingestion of saccharin solution and water but not of sodium chloride. Angiotensin II injected into the lateral hypothalamus did not induce drinking in most of the rats and those which drank preferred sodium chloride, saccharin and water. Several of the rats which did not respond to angiotensin II injection into the lateral hypothalamus, 72 h after angiotensin II responded to injection of carbachol by drinking the saccharin solution. The results of electrical stimulation suggest that the lateral hypothalamus consists of neurons involved in the ingestion of primary taste solutions. Depending on the functional state of the organism, lateral hypothalamic stimulation modifies ingestion of other taste substances but not of salt, as indicated by water deprivation. Chemical stimulation indicates that the neurotransmitter responsible for salt intake is not cholinergic and that the cholinergic neurons evoke preference for sweet taste and water. It appears that angiotensin II is involved in salt intake, as well as in producing preference for sweet taste and water.
将双极不锈钢电极或不锈钢套管立体定位植入大鼠下丘脑外侧。通过对动物进行电刺激或化学刺激（卡巴胆碱或血管紧张素II）引发饮水行为，同时给动物提供水以及氯化钠、糖精、醋酸和奎宁溶液。在电刺激期间，水和所有溶液的摄入量显著增加。在23小时禁水并对下丘脑外侧进行电刺激后，同一批大鼠摄入的氯化钠和糖精溶液明显增多。向下丘脑外侧注射卡巴胆碱会引发对糖精溶液和水的摄入，但不会引发对氯化钠的摄入。向下丘脑外侧注射血管紧张素II在大多数大鼠中不会引发饮水行为，而那些饮水的大鼠更偏好氯化钠、糖精和水。在向下丘脑外侧注射血管紧张素II后无反应的几只大鼠中，在注射血管紧张素II 72小时后，对注射卡巴胆碱有反应，会饮用糖精溶液。电刺激结果表明，下丘脑外侧由参与摄入主要味觉溶液的神经元组成。根据机体的功能状态，下丘脑外侧刺激会改变对其他味觉物质的摄入，但如禁水所示，不会改变对盐的摄入。化学刺激表明，负责盐摄入的神经递质不是胆碱能的，胆碱能神经元会引发对甜味和水的偏好。血管紧张素II似乎既参与盐的摄入，也参与产生对甜味和水的偏好。
