Chen Yushun, Cebrian Just, Lehrter John, Christiaen Bart, Stutes Jason, Goff Josh
Dauphin Island Sea Lab & Department of Marine Sciences, University of South Alabama, 101 Bienville Boulevard, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 South Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
Dauphin Island Sea Lab & Department of Marine Sciences, University of South Alabama, 101 Bienville Boulevard, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2017 Sep 15;122(1-2):207-216. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.06.038. Epub 2017 Jun 26.
A twelve year (2000-2011) study of three coastal lagoons in the Gulf of Mexico was conducted to assess the impacts of local watershed development and tropical storms on water quality. The lagoons have similar physical and hydrological characteristics, but differ substantially in the degree of watershed urban development and nutrient loading rates. In total the lagoons experienced 22 storm events during the period studied. Specifically, we examine (1) whether there are influences on water quality in the lagoons from watershed development, (2) whether there are influences on water quality in the lagoons from storm activity, and (3) whether water quality is affected to a greater degree by watershed development versus storm activity. The two urbanized lagoons typically showed higher water-column nitrate, dissolved organic nitrogen, and phosphate compared with the non-urbanized lagoon. One of the urbanized lagoons had higher water-column chlorophyll a concentrations than the other two lagoons on most sampling dates, and higher light extinction coefficients on some sampling dates. The non-urbanized lagoon had higher water-column dissolved oxygen concentrations than other lagoons on many sampling dates. Our results suggest long-term influences of watershed development on coastal water quality. We also found some evidence of significant storm effects on water quality, such as increased nitrate, phosphate, and dissolved oxygen, and decreased salinity and water temperature. However, the influences of watershed development on water quality were greater. These results suggest that changes in water quality induced by human watershed development pervade despite the storm effects. These findings may be useful for environmental management since they suggest that storms do not profoundly alter long-term changes in water quality that resulted from human development of watersheds.
对墨西哥湾的三个沿海泻湖进行了一项为期十二年（2000年至2011年）的研究，以评估当地流域开发和热带风暴对水质的影响。这些泻湖具有相似的物理和水文特征，但在流域城市发展程度和养分负荷率方面存在很大差异。在所研究的期间，这些泻湖总共经历了22次风暴事件。具体而言，我们研究了：（1）流域开发是否对泻湖水质有影响；（2）风暴活动是否对泻湖水质有影响；（3）流域开发与风暴活动相比，哪一个对水质的影响更大。与未城市化的泻湖相比，两个城市化的泻湖通常显示出较高的水柱硝酸盐、溶解有机氮和磷酸盐含量。在大多数采样日期，其中一个城市化泻湖的水柱叶绿素a浓度高于其他两个泻湖，并且在一些采样日期具有较高的光消光系数。在许多采样日期，未城市化的泻湖的水柱溶解氧浓度高于其他泻湖。我们的结果表明流域开发对沿海水质有长期影响。我们还发现了一些风暴对水质有显著影响的证据，例如硝酸盐、磷酸盐和溶解氧增加，盐度和水温降低。然而，流域开发对水质的影响更大。这些结果表明，尽管有风暴影响，但人类流域开发引起的水质变化仍然普遍存在。这些发现可能对环境管理有用，因为它们表明风暴不会深刻改变流域人类开发导致的水质长期变化。
