Jung Kwang-Woo, Lim Sangyong, Bahn Yong-Sun
Research Division for Biotechnology, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea.
Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
J Microbiol. 2017 Jul;55(7):499-507. doi: 10.1007/s12275-017-7242-5. Epub 2017 Jun 30.
Organisms living in extreme environments have evolved a wide range of survival strategies by changing biochemical and physiological features depending on their biological niches. Interestingly, organisms exhibiting high radiation resistance have been discovered in the three domains of life (Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya), even though a naturally radiationintensive environment has not been found. To counteract the deleterious effects caused by radiation exposure, radiation- resistant organisms employ a series of defensive systems, such as changes in intracellular cation concentration, excellent DNA repair systems, and efficient enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems. Here, we overview past and recent findings about radiation-resistance mechanisms in the three domains of life for potential usage of such radiationresistant microbes in the biotechnology industry.
生活在极端环境中的生物通过根据其生态位改变生化和生理特征，进化出了广泛的生存策略。有趣的是，尽管尚未发现自然辐射密集型环境，但在生命的三个域（细菌、古菌和真核生物）中都发现了具有高辐射抗性的生物。为了抵消辐射暴露造成的有害影响，抗辐射生物采用了一系列防御系统，如细胞内阳离子浓度的变化、出色的DNA修复系统以及高效的酶促和非酶促抗氧化系统。在此，我们概述了过去和最近关于生命三个域中抗辐射机制的研究结果，以便在生物技术产业中潜在地利用这些抗辐射微生物。
