Waśniowska Anna, Kopeć Grzegorz, Szafraniec Krystyna, Misiowiec Witosława, Waligóra Marcin, Brózda Mateusz, Sarnecka Agnieszka, Podolec Jakub, Orzeł-Nowak Anita, Pająk Andrzej, Podolec Piotr
Department of Diagnostics, John Paul II Hospital, Kraków, Poland.
Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Kraków, Poland.
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2017 May 11;24(2):201-206. doi: 10.5604/12321966.1228400.
[b]Introduction.[/b] Education is a key tool in the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Education programmes require monitoring of their effectiveness. [b]Objectives. [/b]1) to introduce postal screening for the assessment of knowledge on CVD risk factors (RFs) for the Polish population, 2) to assess this knowledge in adult residents of Małopolska Voivodeship, and 3) to assess whether knowledge on RFs is related to age, gender, place of residence, level of education and family history of CVD. [b]Materials and method.[/b] Anonymous questionnaires were posted to a random sample of 5,000 residents of Małopolska Voivodeship in Poland. Results were presented as proportions of participants who listed RFs correctly. A series of multiple logistic regression models was used to assess the associations of knowledge on RFs with the potential determinants. [b]Results.[/b] 1,126 completed questionnaires were returned. Over 35% of respondents could not list a single RF and 14 % listed only 1-2 RFs. About 40% named 3-5 and only 12% listed 6 or more RFs. About a half of the respondents listed incorrectly from 1-8 characteristics as being associated with higher risk of CVD. In the multivariate analysis, knowledge on RFs was not significantly associated with age. Level of education was the strongest determinant of knowledge. Male rural and small town residents had less knowledge, whereas women with a family history of CVD had more knowledge on some CVD RFs. [b]Conclusions.[/b] Using a postal questionnaire for the assessment of knowledge of CVD RFs in the population of Małopolska Voivodeship appeared to have serious limitations due to low participation in the study. Despite this, the results of the study indicate that knowledge on CVD RFs is insufficient. Female gender and higher education were related to more prevalent knowledge on RFs. Family history of CVD was related to better knowledge in women only. Male residents of rural areas and small towns had slightly less knowledge on CVD RFs.
引言。教育是预防心血管疾病（CVD）的关键工具。教育项目需要对其效果进行监测。
目标。1）引入邮政筛查以评估波兰人群对心血管疾病风险因素（RFs）的知识；2）评估小波兰省成年居民的这一知识水平；3）评估关于风险因素的知识是否与年龄、性别、居住地、教育水平和心血管疾病家族史相关。
材料与方法。向波兰小波兰省5000名居民的随机样本邮寄匿名问卷。结果以正确列出风险因素的参与者比例呈现。使用一系列多元逻辑回归模型评估关于风险因素的知识与潜在决定因素之间的关联。
结果。共返回1126份完整问卷。超过35%的受访者一个风险因素都列不出来，14%的受访者仅列出1 - 2个风险因素。约40%的人列出3 - 5个，只有12%的人列出6个或更多风险因素。约一半的受访者错误地将1 - 8个特征列为与心血管疾病风险较高相关。在多变量分析中，关于风险因素的知识与年龄无显著关联。教育水平是知识的最强决定因素。农村和小镇的男性居民知识较少，而有心血管疾病家族史的女性对某些心血管疾病风险因素的知识更多。
结论。由于研究参与率低，使用邮政问卷评估小波兰省人群对心血管疾病风险因素的知识似乎存在严重局限性。尽管如此，研究结果表明关于心血管疾病风险因素的知识不足。女性和高等教育与更普遍的风险因素知识相关。心血管疾病家族史仅与女性的更好知识相关。农村和小镇的男性居民对心血管疾病风险因素的知识略少。
