Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York.
School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana.
Cancer Res. 2017 Jul 15;77(14):3733-3739. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-17-0520. Epub 2017 Jun 30.
Several adenosine or cytidine deaminase enzymes deaminate transcript sequences in a cell type or environment-dependent manner by a programmed process called RNA editing. RNA editing enzymes catalyze A>I or C>U transcript alterations and have the potential to change protein coding sequences. In this brief review, we highlight some recent work that shows aberrant patterns of RNA editing in cancer. Transcriptome sequencing studies reveal increased or decreased global RNA editing levels depending on the tumor type. Altered RNA editing in cancer cells may provide a selective advantage for tumor growth and resistance to apoptosis. RNA editing may promote cancer by dynamically recoding oncogenic genes, regulating oncogenic gene expression by noncoding RNA and miRNA editing, or by transcriptome scale changes in RNA editing levels that may affect innate immune signaling. Although RNA editing markedly increases complexity of the cancer cell transcriptomes, cancer-specific recoding RNA editing events have yet to be discovered. Epitranscriptomic changes by RNA editing in cancer represent a novel mechanism contributing to sequence diversity independently of DNA mutations. Therefore, RNA editing studies should complement genome sequence data to understand the full impact of nucleic acid sequence alterations in cancer. .
几种腺苷酸或胞苷脱氨酶酶以一种称为 RNA 编辑的程序性过程以细胞类型或环境依赖的方式脱氨基转录序列。RNA 编辑酶催化 A>I 或 C>U 转录改变，并有可能改变蛋白质编码序列。在这篇简要综述中，我们强调了一些最近的工作，这些工作表明癌症中存在异常的 RNA 编辑模式。转录组测序研究表明，根据肿瘤类型，全局 RNA 编辑水平会增加或降低。癌细胞中 RNA 编辑的改变可能为肿瘤生长和抗细胞凋亡提供选择性优势。RNA 编辑可能通过动态重编码致癌基因、通过非编码 RNA 和 miRNA 编辑调节致癌基因表达、或通过 RNA 编辑水平的转录组规模变化来促进癌症，这些变化可能影响先天免疫信号。尽管 RNA 编辑显著增加了癌细胞转录组的复杂性，但尚未发现癌症特异性重编码 RNA 编辑事件。RNA 编辑在癌症中的表观转录组变化代表了一种独立于 DNA 突变导致序列多样性的新机制。因此，RNA 编辑研究应补充基因组序列数据，以全面了解核酸序列改变在癌症中的影响。
