Boyd Matthew T
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8632, Gaithersburg, MD 20899.
J Sol Energy Eng. 2017 Jun;139(3). doi: 10.1115/1.4035830. Epub 2017 Mar 21.
Three grid-connected monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic arrays have been instrumented with research-grade sensors on the Gaithersburg, MD campus of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). These arrays range from 73 kW to 271 kW and have different tilts, orientations, and configurations. Irradiance, temperature, wind, and electrical measurements at the arrays are recorded, and images are taken of the arrays to monitor shading and capture any anomalies. A weather station has also been constructed that includes research-grade instrumentation to measure all standard meteorological quantities plus additional solar irradiance spectral bands, full spectrum curves, and directional components using multiple irradiance sensor technologies. Reference photovoltaic (PV) modules are also monitored to provide comprehensive baseline measurements for the PV arrays. Images of the whole sky are captured, along with images of the instrumentation and reference modules to document any obstructions or anomalies. Nearly, all measurements at the arrays and weather station are sampled and saved every 1s, with monitoring having started on Aug. 1, 2014. This report describes the instrumentation approach used to monitor the performance of these photovoltaic systems, measure the meteorological quantities, and acquire the images for use in PV performance and weather monitoring and computer model validation.
在美国国家标准与技术研究院（NIST）位于马里兰州盖瑟斯堡的校园内，三个并网单晶硅光伏阵列配备了研究级传感器。这些阵列功率从73千瓦到271千瓦不等，具有不同的倾斜度、朝向和配置。记录阵列处的辐照度、温度、风速和电气测量数据，并拍摄阵列图像以监测阴影并捕捉任何异常情况。还建造了一个气象站，其中包括研究级仪器，用于测量所有标准气象量，以及使用多种辐照度传感器技术测量额外的太阳辐照光谱带、全光谱曲线和方向分量。还对参考光伏（PV）模块进行监测，为光伏阵列提供全面的基线测量。捕捉整个天空的图像，以及仪器和参考模块的图像，以记录任何障碍物或异常情况。阵列和气象站的几乎所有测量数据都以每秒一次的频率进行采样和保存，监测工作于2014年8月1日开始。本报告描述了用于监测这些光伏系统性能、测量气象量以及获取用于光伏性能和气象监测及计算机模型验证的图像的仪器方法。
