Otsubo Yoko, Nakashima Akio, Yamamoto Masayuki, Yamashita Akira
Laboratory of Cell Responses, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.
Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
Biomolecules. 2017 Jul 3;7(3):50. doi: 10.3390/biom7030050.
Target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase controls cell metabolism and growth in response to environmental cues such as nutrients, growth factors, and stress. TOR kinase is widely conserved across eukaryotes. As in other organisms, the fission yeast has two types of TOR complex, namely TOR complex 1 (TORC1) and TORC2. It is interesting that the two TOR complexes in have opposite roles in sexual differentiation, which is induced by nutrient starvation. TORC1, which contains Tor2 as a catalytic subunit, promotes vegetative growth and represses sexual differentiation in nutrient-rich conditions, while TORC2 is required for the initiation of sexual differentiation. Multiple targets of TORC1 have been identified. Some of these, such as S6 kinase and an autophagy regulator Atg13, are known targets in other organisms. In addition, there is a novel group of TORC1 targets involved in the regulation of sexual differentiation. Here, we review recent findings on phosphorylation targets of TORC1 in Furthermore, we briefly report a novel S. pombe target of TORC1.
雷帕霉素靶蛋白（TOR）激酶可根据营养物质、生长因子和应激等环境信号来控制细胞代谢与生长。TOR激酶在真核生物中广泛存在。与其他生物一样，裂殖酵母有两种TOR复合物，即TOR复合物1（TORC1）和TORC2。有趣的是，裂殖酵母中的这两种TOR复合物在由营养饥饿诱导的有性分化中发挥相反作用。包含Tor2作为催化亚基的TORC1在营养丰富的条件下促进营养生长并抑制有性分化，而TORC2是有性分化起始所必需的。TORC1的多个靶标已被鉴定。其中一些，如S6激酶和自噬调节因子Atg13，是其他生物中已知的靶标。此外，还有一组新的TORC1靶标参与有性分化的调控。在此，我们综述了裂殖酵母中TORC1磷酸化靶标的最新研究结果。此外，我们简要报告了TORC1在粟酒裂殖酵母中的一个新靶标。
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