Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2020 Jan;30:66-74. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.06.016. Epub 2017 Jul 1.
Previous research showed that the disposition to react with disproportionate aggression in adults is influenced by an interaction between a variant in the X-chromosomal monoamine oxidase A gene (MAOA) and early traumatic events. Such studies have often focused on a single type of trauma, whereas we know that experiencing multiple trauma types is associated with more detrimental consequences. The differential susceptibility hypothesis suggests that individuals who are most susceptible to adversity, are also most likely to benefit from supportive experiences in childhood. Differences in susceptibility are thought to be partly genetically driven. In the present study we explored whether a genotype of MAOA linked to lower expression of the gene (MAOA-L) modified the effect of multiple types of trauma on aggression and/or altered responsiveness to treatment among adults with severe aggression. Forensic psychiatric outpatients (FPOs) (N=150) receiving treatment for aggression regulation problems were recruited. Traumatic events and aggression were measured using self-report. FPOs with multiple trauma types and those with the MAOA-L allele reported more severe levels of aggression. No interaction effects between MAOA genotype and trauma emerged. There were no differences in response to the intervention between FPOs with and without the MAOA-L variant, whereas FPOs with a single type of trauma showed the slowest reduction of aggression. FPOs with multiple types of trauma reported the highest levels of aggression over the course of treatment. Future research is needed to elucidate this association in further detail. The current study emphasized the importance of early recognition of early traumatic events.
先前的研究表明，成年人反应过度攻击性的倾向受到 X 染色体单胺氧化酶 A 基因（MAOA）变异与早期创伤事件相互作用的影响。此类研究通常集中于单一类型的创伤，而我们知道经历多种创伤类型与更不利的后果相关。差异易感性假说表明，最容易受到逆境影响的个体，也最有可能从童年时期的支持性经历中受益。易感性的差异部分归因于遗传。在本研究中，我们探讨了与基因表达降低相关的 MAOA 基因型（MAOA-L）是否会改变多种类型创伤对攻击性的影响，以及是否会改变严重攻击性成年患者对治疗的反应。我们招募了接受攻击性调节问题治疗的法医精神病门诊患者（FPO）（N=150）。使用自我报告来测量创伤事件和攻击性。有多种创伤类型和 MAOA-L 等位基因的 FPO 报告了更严重的攻击性水平。MAOA 基因型与创伤之间没有出现交互作用。MAOA-L 变异体的 FPO 对干预的反应没有差异，而单一类型创伤的 FPO 显示出攻击性降低最慢。在治疗过程中，有多种类型创伤的 FPO 报告了最高水平的攻击性。需要进一步的研究来更详细地阐明这种关联。本研究强调了早期识别早期创伤事件的重要性。
