Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, CEA, DEN, DE2D, SEAD, F-30207, Bagnols sur Cèze, France; Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2 UMR 7340, Equipe Procédés Membranaires (EPM), Europôle de l'Arbois, BP80, Pavillon Laennec, Hall C, 13545, Aix en Provence Cedex, France.
Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, CEA, DEN, DE2D, SEAD, F-30207, Bagnols sur Cèze, France.
Water Res. 2017 Oct 15;123:311-320. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.06.062. Epub 2017 Jun 24.
The recent use of the reverse osmosis (RO) process at the damaged Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear power plant generated a growing interest in the application of this process for decontamination purposes. This study focused on the development of a robust RO process for decontamination of two kinds of liquid effluents: a contaminated groundwater after a nuclear disaster and a contaminated seawater during a nuclear accident. The SW30 HR membrane was selected among other in this study due to higher retentions (96% for Cs and 98% for Sr) in a true groundwater. Significant fouling and scaling phenomenon, attributed to calcium and strontium precipitation, were evidenced in this work: this underscored the importance of the lab scale experiment in the process. Validation of the separation performances on trace radionuclides concentration was performed with similar retention around 96% between surrogates Cs (inactive) and Cs (radioactive). The scale up to a 2.6 m spiral wound membrane led to equivalent retentions (around 96% for Cs and 99% for Sr) but lower flux values: this underlined that the hydrodynamic parameters (flowrate/cross-flow velocity) should be optimized. This methodology was also applied on the reconstituted seawater effluent: retentions were slightly lower than for the groundwater and the same hydrodynamic effects were observed on the pilot scale. Then, ageing of the membrane through irradiation experiments were performed. Results showed that the membrane active layer composition influenced the membrane resistance towards γ irradiation: the SW30 HR membrane performances (retention and permeability) were better than the Osmonics SE at 1 MGy. Finally, to supplement the scale up approach, the irradiation of a spiral wound membrane revealed a limited effect on the permeability and retention. This indicated that irradiation conditions need to be controlled for a further development of the process.
最近，在受损的福岛第一核电站采用反渗透（RO）工艺引起了人们对该工艺在去污方面应用的兴趣。本研究专注于开发一种强大的 RO 工艺，用于两种液体废水的去污：核灾难后的受污染地下水和核事故期间的受污染海水。在本研究中，选择了 SW30 HR 膜，因为它在真正的地下水中具有更高的截留率（Cs 为 96%，Sr 为 98%）。在这项工作中，发现了明显的结垢和结垢现象，这归因于钙和锶的沉淀：这突出了实验室规模实验在该过程中的重要性。通过使用类似的保留率（Cs（惰性）和 Cs（放射性）之间约为 96%），对痕量放射性核素浓度的分离性能进行了验证。放大到 2.6 m 螺旋缠绕膜，得到了等效的保留率（Cs 约为 96%，Sr 约为 99%），但通量值较低：这强调了应优化水动力参数（流速/错流速度）。该方法还应用于再配制的海水废水：保留率略低于地下水，在中试规模上也观察到相同的水动力效应。然后，通过辐照实验对膜进行老化。结果表明，膜活性层的组成影响了膜对γ辐照的阻力：SW30 HR 膜的性能（保留率和渗透率）在 1 MGy 时优于 Osmonics SE。最后，为了补充放大方法，对螺旋缠绕膜的辐照表明对渗透率和保留率的影响有限。这表明需要控制辐照条件，以进一步开发该工艺。
