Centre for Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, UK.
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Cytometry A. 2018 Jan;93(1):137-148. doi: 10.1002/cyto.a.23163. Epub 2017 Jul 5.
Pluripotent stem cells have the capacity to grow indefinitely in culture and differentiate into derivatives of the three germ layers. These properties underpin their potential to be used in regenerative medicine. Originally derived from early embryos, pluripotent stem cells can now be derived by reprogramming an adult cell back to a pluripotent state. Companion animals such as horses, dogs, and cats suffer from many injuries and diseases for which regenerative medicine may offer new treatments. As many of the injuries and diseases are similar to conditions in humans the use of companion animals for the experimental and clinical testing of stem cell and regenerative medicine products would provide relevant animal models for the translation of therapies to the human field. In order to fully utilize companion animal pluripotent stem cells robust, standardized methods of characterization must be developed to ensure that safe and effective treatments can be delivered. In this review we discuss the methods that are available for characterizing pluripotent stem cells and the techniques that have been applied in cells from companion animals. We describe characteristics which have been described consistently across reports as well as highlighting discrepant results. Significant steps have been made to define the in vitro culture requirements and drive lineage specific differentiation of pluripotent stem cells in companion animal species. However, additional basic research to compare pluripotent stem cell types and define characteristics of pluripotency in companion animal species is still required. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
多能干细胞具有在培养中无限生长并分化为三个胚层衍生物的能力。这些特性为其在再生医学中的应用提供了潜力。多能干细胞最初来源于早期胚胎，但现在可以通过重编程将成体细胞恢复到多能状态来获得。马、狗和猫等伴侣动物患有许多损伤和疾病，再生医学可能为这些损伤和疾病提供新的治疗方法。由于许多损伤和疾病与人类的疾病相似，因此使用伴侣动物进行干细胞和再生医学产品的实验和临床测试将为治疗方法向人类领域的转化提供相关的动物模型。为了充分利用伴侣动物多能干细胞，必须开发强大、标准化的鉴定方法，以确保能够提供安全有效的治疗方法。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了可用于鉴定多能干细胞的方法，以及已应用于伴侣动物细胞的技术。我们描述了在报告中一致描述的特征，以及突出的差异结果。已经采取了重要步骤来定义体外培养要求，并推动伴侣动物物种中多能干细胞的谱系特异性分化。然而，仍然需要进行更多的基础研究来比较多能干细胞类型，并确定伴侣动物物种中多能性的特征。©2017 国际细胞分析学会。
