a Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences , University of Jyväskylä , Jyväskylä , Finland.
b School of Health and Social Studies , JAMK University of Applied Sciences , Jyväskylä , Finland.
Aging Ment Health. 2018 Oct;22(10):1329-1337. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2017.1348479. Epub 2017 Jul 6.
We studied the associations between perceived togetherness, depressive symptoms, and loneliness over a six-month period among 222 people aged 75-79 who reported loneliness or depressive mood at baseline.
The present cross-lagged models utilized baseline and six-month follow-up data of a randomized controlled trial that examined the effects of a social intervention on loneliness and depression (ISRCTN78426775). Dimensions of perceived togetherness, i.e. attachment, social integration, guidance, alliance, nurturance, and reassurance of worth, were measured with the Social Provisions Scale, depressive symptoms with a short form of the Geriatric Depression Scale, and loneliness with a single item.
After controlling for baseline loneliness and depressive symptoms, baseline higher attachment in all participants and baseline higher opportunity for nurturance in the social intervention group predicted lower depressive mood at follow-up. No cross-lagged associations between the dimensions of perceived togetherness at baseline and loneliness at follow-up were observed. In addition, depressive symptoms and loneliness at baseline tended to negatively predict the dimensions of perceived togetherness at follow-up.
Depressive symptoms and loneliness appear to be precursor for perceived togetherness, rather than dimensions of perceived togetherness to be antecedents of loneliness and depressiveness among older people.
本研究调查了在 222 名年龄在 75-79 岁之间的人群中，基线时有孤独感或抑郁情绪的人群中，在六个月的时间里，感知到的亲密感、抑郁症状和孤独感之间的关联。
本交叉滞后模型利用了一项随机对照试验的基线和六个月随访数据，该试验研究了社会干预对孤独感和抑郁的影响（ISRCTN78426775）。感知到的亲密感的维度，即依恋、社会融合、指导、联盟、养育和价值保证，使用社会供应量表进行测量，抑郁症状使用老年抑郁量表的简短形式进行测量，孤独感使用一个单一项目进行测量。
在控制了基线时的孤独感和抑郁症状后，所有参与者的基线较高的依恋和社会干预组的基线较高的养育机会预测了随访时较低的抑郁情绪。在基线时感知到的亲密感的各个维度与随访时的孤独感之间没有观察到交叉滞后关联。此外，基线时的抑郁症状和孤独感往往会负性预测随访时感知到的亲密感的各个维度。
抑郁症状和孤独感似乎是感知到的亲密感的前驱因素，而不是感知到的亲密感的各个维度是老年人孤独感和抑郁的先行因素。
