Salsa Analía M, Vivaldi Romina
a Instituto Rosario de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Educación (IRICE) , Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Rosario , Argentina.
J Genet Psychol. 2017 Jul-Aug;178(4):217-228. doi: 10.1080/00221325.2017.1328385. Epub 2017 Jul 6.
Two studies examined young children's comprehension and production of representational drawings across and within 2 socioeconomic strata (SES). Participants were 130 middle-SES (MSES) and low-SES (LSES) Argentine children, from 30 to 60 months old, given a task with 2 phases, production and comprehension. The production phase assessed free drawing and drawings from simple 3-dimensional objects (model drawing); the comprehension phase assessed children's understanding of an adult's line drawings of the objects. MSES children solved the comprehension phase of the task within the studied age range; representational production emerged first in model drawing (42 months) and later in free drawing (48 months). The same developmental pathway was observed in LSES children but with a clear asynchrony in the age of onset of comprehension and production: Children understood the symbolic nature of drawings at 42 months old and the first representational drawings were found at 60 months old. These results provide empirical evidence that support the crucial influence of social experiences by organizing and constraining graphic development.
两项研究考察了两个社会经济阶层（SES）之间以及阶层内部幼儿对表征性绘画的理解和创作能力。参与者为130名年龄在30至60个月之间的阿根廷中高社会经济地位（MSES）和低社会经济地位（LSES）儿童，他们要完成一个分为创作和理解两个阶段的任务。创作阶段评估自由绘画以及根据简单三维物体创作的绘画（模型绘画）；理解阶段评估儿童对成人绘制的物体线条画的理解。MSES儿童在研究的年龄范围内完成了任务的理解阶段；表征性创作首先出现在模型绘画中（42个月），之后出现在自由绘画中（48个月）。在LSES儿童中也观察到了相同的发展路径，但在理解和创作开始的年龄上存在明显的不同步：儿童在42个月大时理解了绘画的象征性质，而最早的表征性绘画出现在60个月大时。这些结果提供了实证证据，支持社会经验通过组织和限制图形发展所产生的关键影响。
