Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor and its role in nervous system disease.

Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is a member of the novel evolutionary conserved neurotrophic factor (NTF) family. MANF has a unique structure and an unparalleled dual mode of action that differs from other known NTFs. Recent studies have shown that MANF protects cells from endoplasmic reticulum stress. In addition, an increasing number of studies have found MANF plays an important role in nervous system disease. This review focuses on MANF, summarizing its unique structure, potential signaling pathway, and role in neurological disease.