Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
Int J Biometeorol. 2017 Nov;61(11):1913-1917. doi: 10.1007/s00484-017-1378-1. Epub 2017 Jul 7.
The effects of titanium dioxide coatings of bovine hides on light absorption and transdermal transfer of light-derived heat were investigated. Four hair-on rug hides from Holstein cattle were purchased. Twelve samples about 20 cm on a side were cut from each hide; nine from the black-colored areas, and three from the white areas. Samples were randomized and assigned to four coating treatments: (1) white hide with no coating (White), (2) black hide with no coating (Black), (3) black hide with 50% coating (Mid), and (4) black hide with 100% coating (High). Coatings were applied to the black hide samples using a hand sprayer. Lux measurements were taken using a modified lux meter at three light intensities generated with a broad spectrum, cold halogen light source. Reflectance over a wavelength range of 380 to 900 nm was measured using a spectroradiometer. The transdermal transfer of heat derived from absorbed light was measured by applying a broad spectrum, cold halogen light source to the stratum corneum (coated) side of the sample and recording the temperature of the dermis-side using a thermal camera for 10 min at 30-s intervals. At the high light level, the White, Black, Mid, and High coating treatments had different (P < 0.001) lux values of 64,945, 1741, 15,978, and 40,730 lx, respectively. In the visible wavelength range (400 to 750 nm), Black hides reflected 10 to 15% of the light energy, hides with the Mid coating treatment reflected 35 to 40%, and hides with the High coating treatment reflected 70 to 80% of the light energy. The natural White hide samples reflected 60 to 80% of the light energy. The average maximum temperatures at the dermis-side of the hides due to transferred heat were 34.5, 70.1, 55.0, and 31.7, for the White, Black, Mid, and High treatments, respectively. Reflective coatings containing titanium dioxide on cattle hides were effective in reducing light energy absorption and reduced light-derived heat transfer from the skin surface to deeper skin layers.
研究了牛皮二氧化钛涂层对光吸收和光衍生热经皮传递的影响。从荷斯坦奶牛身上购买了四张带毛的地毯皮。从每张皮上切下约 20 厘米见方的 12 个样本；其中 9 个来自黑色区域，3 个来自白色区域。样本随机分配到四个涂层处理组：(1) 无涂层的白色皮 (White)，(2) 无涂层的黑色皮 (Black)，(3) 50%涂层的黑色皮 (Mid)，和 (4) 100%涂层的黑色皮 (High)。使用手动喷雾器将涂层涂在黑色皮样本上。使用改良的光度计在三种由宽谱冷卤素光源产生的光照强度下测量 Lux 测量值。使用分光辐射计测量 380 到 900nm 波长范围内的反射率。通过将宽谱冷卤素光源应用于样本的角质层 (涂层) 侧，并使用热像仪在 30 秒间隔内记录 10 分钟真皮侧的温度，来测量源自吸收光的经皮热传递。在高光水平下，White、Black、Mid 和 High 涂层处理的 Lux 值分别为 64945、1741、15978 和 40730 lx，差异显著 (P < 0.001)。在可见波长范围 (400 到 750nm) 内，黑色皮反射了 10%到 15%的光能，中涂层处理的皮反射了 35%到 40%，高涂层处理的皮反射了 70%到 80%的光能。天然白色皮样本反射了 60%到 80%的光能。由于热传递，皮的真皮侧的平均最高温度分别为 White、Black、Mid 和 High 处理的 34.5、70.1、55.0 和 31.7。牛皮上含有二氧化钛的反射性涂层可有效减少光能吸收，并减少从皮肤表面到更深皮肤层的光衍生热传递。
