Jessen Lena, Bard Benoît, Grenon Xavier, Bally Frank
Service des maladies infectieuses, Institut Central des Hôpitaux, Hôpital du Valais, Avenue du Grand-Champsec 86, 1951 Sion.
Centre médical des Diablerets, Chemin du Torrent 2, 1865 Les Diablerets.
Rev Med Suisse. 2016 Oct 12;12(534):1718-1722.
Leishmaniasis is an infection of the tropical to temperate zone, occasionally imported in our regions by travellers and migrants. Leishmania parasites are transmitted by the sting of a sand fly, Phlebotomus or Lutzomyia, and causes two clinical syndromes with either cutaneous, also mucosal, or disseminated involvement. Clinical suspicion needs a confirmation by the detection of the parasite. The treatment is adapted to the patient, the clinical presentation, the region, the species and the availability. Cutaneous leishmaniasis can be observed only or treated by topical or systemic regimens. Visceral leishmaniasis is a progressive illness, in most cases mortal, particularly in the immunocompromised patient. It requires systemic treatment.
利什曼病是一种发生在热带至温带地区的感染病，偶尔会由旅行者和移民带入我们所在的地区。利什曼原虫通过白蛉（Phlebotomus或Lutzomyia属）叮咬传播，可引发两种临床综合征，表现为皮肤型（也可累及黏膜）或播散型。临床怀疑需要通过检测寄生虫来确诊。治疗方案会根据患者情况、临床表现、地区、病原体种类以及可获得的治疗手段进行调整。皮肤型利什曼病可以仅进行观察，也可采用局部或全身治疗方案。内脏利什曼病是一种进行性疾病，在大多数情况下会导致死亡，尤其是在免疫功能低下的患者中。它需要进行全身治疗。
