Palphramand Kate, Delahay Richard, Robertson Andrew, Gowtage Sonya, Williams Gareth A, McDonald Robbie A, Chambers Mark, Carter Stephen P
National Wildlife Management Centre, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodchester Park, Gloucestershire GL10 3UJ, UK.
National Wildlife Management Centre, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodchester Park, Gloucestershire GL10 3UJ, UK; Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ, UK.
Vaccine. 2017 Aug 3;35(34):4402-4407. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.06.059. Epub 2017 Jul 6.
The control of tuberculosis (TB) in cattle in the UK and Ireland is compromised by transmission of Mycobacterium bovis to cattle from the European badger (Meles meles), which acts as a wildlife reservoir. Vaccination of badgers could potentially contribute to TB control but the only licensed vaccine is injectable BadgerBCG which requires the live-capture of badgers. Current research is aimed at developing an oral TB vaccine (where vaccine is contained within bait) that is intended to be more cost-effective to deploy over large areas. In order to identify a lead product, candidate baits identified from captive badger studies were evaluated in three successive bait screening studies with wild badgers. A fourth field study, using the lead candidate bait and biomarkers, investigated the effectiveness of different carriers for their potential to deliver liquid payloads (vaccine surrogate). In each field study, bait disappearance was monitored daily for ten days and remote video surveillance was used to determine preference (i.e. the order in which baits were taken). In the carrier study, biomarkers were used to determine what proportion of subsequently trapped badgers had ingested the bait and the vaccine-carrier biomarker payload. Across all four studies, 79% (3397/4330) of baits were taken by badgers although the number varied significantly by badger social group and bait type. In all studies, bait disappearance increased over time, with 75-100% of baits being taken by day ten. In the carrier study, 75% (9/12) of trapped badgers tested positive for at least one of the biomarkers and the type of carrier did not influence bait attractiveness. Together with data from complementary laboratory and captive animal studies, this study identified a highly attractive and palatable bait (peanut-based paste bait; PT) and vaccine-carrier (hydrogenated peanut oil; HPO) combination with the potential to deliver a liquid vaccine to wild badgers.
在英国和爱尔兰，牛结核病（TB）的防控受到牛型分枝杆菌从欧洲獾（Meles meles）传播至牛群的影响，欧洲獾是该病菌的野生动物宿主。给獾接种疫苗可能有助于结核病的防控，但唯一获得许可的疫苗是可注射的獾卡介苗（BadgerBCG），需要活捉獾。当前的研究旨在开发一种口服结核病疫苗（疫苗包含在诱饵中），这种疫苗在大面积应用时预计更具成本效益。为了确定主导产品，在三项连续的诱饵筛选研究中，对从圈养獾研究中筛选出的候选诱饵进行了野生獾评估。第四项实地研究使用主导候选诱饵和生物标志物，调查了不同载体递送液体有效载荷（疫苗替代物）的潜力。在每项实地研究中，每天监测诱饵消失情况，持续十天，并使用远程视频监控来确定偏好（即诱饵被取食的顺序）。在载体研究中，生物标志物用于确定随后捕获的獾中有多大比例摄入了诱饵以及疫苗 - 载体生物标志物有效载荷。在所有四项研究中，尽管獾的社会群体和诱饵类型不同，诱饵数量差异显著，但79%（3397/4330）的诱饵被獾取食。在所有研究中，诱饵消失随时间增加，到第十天，75 - 100%的诱饵被取食。在载体研究中，75%（9/12）被捕获的獾至少有一种生物标志物检测呈阳性，并且载体类型不影响诱饵吸引力。结合补充实验室和圈养动物研究的数据，本研究确定了一种极具吸引力且美味的诱饵（花生基糊状诱饵；PT）和疫苗载体（氢化花生油；HPO）组合，有潜力向野生獾递送液体疫苗。
