Sullivan Sara K, Strauss Gregory P
Department of Psychology, Binghamton University.
J Abnorm Psychol. 2017 Jul;126(5):679-693. doi: 10.1037/abn0000285.
In healthy individuals, there is evidence that effective implementation of an emotion regulation strategy has beneficial effects on temporally proximal cognitive control task performance. This effect occurs because both of these processes rely heavily on the prefrontal cortex. Individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) have impairments in both emotion regulation and cognitive control that are driven by structural and functional abnormalities of the prefrontal cortex; however, it is unknown whether emotion regulation attempts fail to benefit subsequently performed cognitive control tasks in people with SZ. The present study examined whether attempts to increase or decrease negative emotion via reappraisal have differential effects on subsequent cognitive control in a sample of outpatients diagnosed with SZ (n = 30) and demographically matched healthy controls (CN; n = 29). Participants completed a combined emotion regulation and cognitive control task in which numerical Stroop trials were presented immediately after unpleasant or neutral images that were either increased via reappraisal, decreased via reappraisal, or passively viewed. The electroencephalogram was recorded while participants performed the reappraisal-Stroop task and event related potentials (ERPs) were used to index emotion regulation effectiveness (late positive potential: LPP) and cognitive control (sustained potential: SP). Both CN and SZ evidenced higher LPP amplitude for unpleasant than neutral stimuli consistent with robust neural response to unpleasant stimuli. Although CN demonstrated neurophysiological evidence of effective use of reappraisal to increase and decrease negative emotion, SZ only showed an effective ability to increase negative emotion via reappraisal. CN displayed enhanced cognitive control following increase trials and impaired cognitive control following decrease trials, as indicated by modulation of SP amplitude. In SZ, increase instructions impaired cognitive control and decrease instructions had no effect on cognitive control. Findings suggest that emotion regulation abnormalities may play an underrecognized role in general cognitive control deficits that occur in SZ. (PsycINFO Database Record
在健康个体中，有证据表明有效实施情绪调节策略对时间上相近的认知控制任务表现具有有益影响。出现这种效应是因为这两个过程都严重依赖前额叶皮层。精神分裂症（SZ）患者在情绪调节和认知控制方面存在障碍，这些障碍是由前额叶皮层的结构和功能异常所驱动；然而，尚不清楚情绪调节尝试是否无法使SZ患者随后执行的认知控制任务受益。本研究调查了通过重新评估来增加或减少负面情绪的尝试对一组被诊断为SZ的门诊患者（n = 30）以及在人口统计学上匹配的健康对照者（CN；n = 29）随后的认知控制是否有不同影响。参与者完成了一项结合情绪调节和认知控制的任务，在不愉快或中性图像之后立即呈现数字斯特鲁普试验，这些图像要么通过重新评估增强、通过重新评估减弱，要么被被动观看。在参与者执行重新评估 - 斯特鲁普任务时记录脑电图，并使用事件相关电位（ERP）来衡量情绪调节效果（晚期正电位：LPP）和认知控制（持续电位：SP）。CN组和SZ组对于不愉快刺激的LPP波幅均高于中性刺激，这与对不愉快刺激的强烈神经反应一致。虽然CN组展示了有效利用重新评估来增加和减少负面情绪的神经生理学证据，但SZ组仅显示出通过重新评估增加负面情绪的有效能力。如SP波幅的调制所示，CN组在增强试验后表现出增强的认知控制，而在减弱试验后认知控制受损。在SZ组中，增强指令损害了认知控制且减弱指令对认知控制没有影响。研究结果表明，情绪调节异常可能在SZ患者出现的一般认知控制缺陷中发挥未被充分认识的作用。（PsycINFO数据库记录
