Veneziano Domenico, Ahmed Kamran, Van Cleynenbreugel Ben, Gozen Ali, Palou Joan, Sarica Kemal, Liatsikos Evangelos, Sanguedolce Francesco, Honeck Patrick, Alvarez-Maestro Mario, Papatsoris Athanasios, Kallidonis Panagiotis, Greco Francesco, Breda Alberto, Somani Bhaskar K
Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal - ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
Department of Urology and Kidney Transplant, GOM Reggio Calabria, Italy.
J Endourol. 2017 Sep;31(9):934-941. doi: 10.1089/end.2017.0248.
Simulation-based technical skill assessment is a core topic of debate, especially in high-risk environments. After the introduction of the E-BLUS (European Basic Laparoscopic Urological Skills) exam for basic laparoscopy, no more technical training/assessment urological protocols have been developed in Europe. We describe the methodology used in the development of the novel Endoscopic Stone Treatment step 1 (EST s1) assessment curriculum. The "full life cycle curriculum development" template was followed for curriculum development. A cognitive task analysis was run to define the most important steps and details of retrograde intrarenal surgery, in accordance with European Association of Urology (EAU) Urolithiasis guidelines. Training tasks were created between April 2015 and September 2015. Tasks and metrics were further analyzed by a consensus meeting with the European Section of Urolithiasis (EULIS) board in February 2016. A review, aimed to study available simulators and their accordance with task requirements, was subsequently run in London in March 2016. After initial feedback and further tests, content validity of this protocol was achieved during European Urology Residents Education Programme (EUREP) 2016. The EST s1 curriculum development, took 23 months. Seventy-two participants tested the five preliminary tasks during EUREP 2015, with sessions of 45 minutes each. Likert-scale questionnaires were filled out to score the quality of training. The protocol was modified accordingly and 25 participants tested the four tasks during the hands-on training sessions of the European Section of Uro-Technology (ESUT) 2016 congress. One hundred thirty-four participants finally participated in the validation study in EUREP 2016. During the same event, 10 experts confirmed content validity by filling out a Likert-scale questionnaire. We described a reliable and replicable methodology that can be followed to develop training/assessment protocols for surgical procedures. The expert consensus meetings, strict adherence to guidelines, and updated literature search toward an Endourology curriculum allowed correct training and assessment protocol development. It is the first step toward standardized simulation training in Endourology with a potential for worldwide adoption.
基于模拟的技术技能评估是一个核心辩论话题，尤其是在高风险环境中。在引入用于基础腹腔镜检查的欧洲基础腹腔镜泌尿外科技能（E-BLUS）考试后，欧洲未再制定更多的泌尿外科技术培训/评估方案。我们描述了新型内镜下结石治疗第一步（EST s1）评估课程开发中所使用的方法。课程开发遵循“全生命周期课程开发”模板。根据欧洲泌尿外科学会（EAU）尿石症指南进行了认知任务分析，以确定逆行性肾内手术最重要的步骤和细节。培训任务于2015年4月至9月创建。2016年2月与欧洲尿石症学会（EULIS）委员会举行了一次共识会议，对任务和指标进行了进一步分析。随后于2016年3月在伦敦进行了一项审查，旨在研究可用的模拟器及其与任务要求的符合情况。经过初步反馈和进一步测试，该方案在2016年欧洲泌尿外科住院医师教育计划（EUREP）期间实现了内容效度。EST s1课程开发耗时23个月。72名参与者在2015年EUREP期间测试了五个初步任务，每次测试时长45分钟。填写了李克特量表问卷以对培训质量进行评分。相应地对方案进行了修改，25名参与者在2016年欧洲泌尿技术学会（ESUT）大会的实践培训课程中测试了四个任务。134名参与者最终参加了2016年EUREP的验证研究。在同一次活动中，10名专家通过填写李克特量表问卷确认了内容效度。我们描述了一种可靠且可复制的方法，可用于制定手术程序的培训/评估方案。专家共识会议、严格遵循指南以及对内窥泌尿外科课程进行最新文献检索，使得能够正确开发培训和评估方案。这是迈向标准化内镜泌尿外科模拟培训的第一步，有可能在全球范围内采用。
