Short Jeffrey W
JWS Consulting LLC, 19315 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK, 99801, USA.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2017 Jul;73(1):5-11. doi: 10.1007/s00244-016-0359-4. Epub 2017 Jul 10.
Scientific studies of the environmental effects of oil spills in the United States have produced a steady stream of unexpected discoveries countering prior and often simplistic assumptions. In this brief review, I present how major discoveries from scientific studies of oil spill effects on marine ecosystems and environments, beginning with the 1989 Exxon Valdez, have led to a more informed appreciation for the complexity and the severity of the damage that major spills can do to marine ecosystems and to an increasing recognition that our ability to evaluate those damages is very limited, resulting in a structural bias toward underestimation of adverse environmental effects.
针对美国石油泄漏对环境影响的科学研究不断有意外发现，推翻了先前往往过于简单的假设。在这篇简短的综述中，我将阐述自1989年埃克森·瓦尔迪兹号漏油事件以来，关于石油泄漏对海洋生态系统和环境影响的科学研究中的重大发现如何让人们更深刻地认识到重大泄漏对海洋生态系统造成的破坏的复杂性和严重性，以及越来越认识到我们评估这些破坏的能力非常有限，从而导致在结构上倾向于低估不利环境影响。
