Silver Zachary A, Watkins David I
Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
Immunogenetics. 2017 Aug;69(8-9):511-519. doi: 10.1007/s00251-017-0997-3. Epub 2017 Jul 10.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains among the most significant public health threats worldwide. Despite three decades of research following the discovery of HIV, a preventive vaccine remains elusive. The study of HIV elite controllers has been crucial to elaborate the genetic and immunologic determinants that underlie control of HIV replication. Coordinated studies of elite control in humans have, however, been limited by variability among infecting viral strains, host genotype, and the uncertainty of the timing and route of infection. In this review, we discuss the role of nonhuman primate (NHP) models for the elucidation of the immunologic correlates that underlie control of AIDS virus replication. We discuss the importance of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) alleles in activating CD8+ T-cell populations that promote control of both HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) replication. Provocatively, we make the argument that T-cell subsets recognizing the HIV/SIV viral infectivity factor (Vif) protein may be crucial for control of viral replication. We hope that this review demonstrates how an in-depth understanding of the MHC-I gene products associated with elite control of HIV/SIV, and the epitopes that they present, can provide researchers with a glimpse into the protective immune responses that underlie AIDS nonprogression.
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）仍然是全球最重要的公共卫生威胁之一。尽管在发现HIV后的三十年里进行了大量研究，但预防性疫苗仍然难以研制出来。对HIV精英控制者的研究对于阐明控制HIV复制的遗传和免疫决定因素至关重要。然而，对人类精英控制的协同研究受到感染病毒株的变异性、宿主基因型以及感染时间和途径的不确定性的限制。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了非人灵长类动物（NHP）模型在阐明控制艾滋病病毒复制的免疫相关因素方面的作用。我们讨论了主要组织相容性复合体I类（MHC-I）等位基因在激活促进控制HIV和猴免疫缺陷病毒（SIV）复制的CD8 + T细胞群体中的重要性。具有启发性的是，我们认为识别HIV / SIV病毒感染因子（Vif）蛋白的T细胞亚群可能对控制病毒复制至关重要。我们希望这篇综述能够展示对与HIV / SIV精英控制相关的MHC-I基因产物及其呈现的表位的深入理解，如何能够让研究人员初步了解艾滋病病情不进展背后的保护性免疫反应。
