Franck C, Vorwerk W, Köhn A, Rißmann A, Vorwerk U
Univ. HNO-Klinik, Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg.
Abteilung Phoniatrie und Pädaudiologie, HNO-Klinik, Klinikum Braunschweig.
Laryngorhinootologie. 2017 Jun;96(6):354-360. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-109512. Epub 2017 Jul 11.
The preterm birth is clearly associated with increased risk of developing congenital hearing impairment. Therefore, special attention must be paid to the postnatal control of auditory function in all preterm infants. The present work investigates if the latest scientific findings regarding prevalence, clinical diagnostics, therapy and risk factors of hearing impairment in premature infants are regularly implemented in daily practice. At the department of phoniatrics and pediatric audiology of the University Hospital of Magdeburg, the treatment data of 126 preterm children born between 2006 and 2011 were evaluated retrospectively. The additional analysis of all records available at the screening center (n=67 640) covering this period enables drawing conclusions on the total number and prevalence of hearing impairment in preterm infants in Saxony-Anhalt. Almost all premature babies, like mature newborns, underwent postnatal hearing screening of both ears. The data analysis shows that the practical implementation often does not comply with the guideline of the G-BA (Gemeinsamer Bundesausschuss) in all details. For example, the recommended screening method for preterm infants (AABR) or the screening and treatment timing are not always applied in accordance with the guidelines of the G-BA. Assessment of the practical implementation of universal newborn hearing screening was planned at the time of the introduction of the hearing screening program by the G-BA. As a part of this investigation, the practical care of vulnerable groups such as preterm infants must be given special attention. Based on the collected data, the diagnostics and therapy should be unified. Regardless of the maternity clinic where the infants were born, there should be the same opportunity for early diagnosis and thus for prognostically better treatment of congenital hearing impairment. Rapid postnatal fitting with hearing aid can stimulate the maturation of the central auditory system and potentially help to avoid problems of hearing and speech development.
早产显然与先天性听力障碍的发病风险增加有关。因此，必须特别关注所有早产儿出生后的听觉功能控制。本研究调查了有关早产儿听力障碍的患病率、临床诊断、治疗和危险因素的最新科学发现是否在日常实践中得到定期实施。在马格德堡大学医院的言语治疗与儿科听力学科，对2006年至2011年间出生的126名早产儿的治疗数据进行了回顾性评估。对该时期筛查中心所有可用记录（n = 67640）的进一步分析，有助于得出萨克森 - 安哈尔特州早产儿听力障碍的总数和患病率结论。几乎所有早产儿，与足月新生儿一样，都接受了双耳出生后听力筛查。数据分析表明，实际操作在所有细节上往往不符合德国联邦联合委员会（G-BA）的指南。例如，早产儿推荐的筛查方法（自动听性脑干反应，AABR）或筛查和治疗时间并不总是按照G-BA的指南应用。在G-BA引入听力筛查计划时，就计划对新生儿听力普遍筛查的实际实施情况进行评估。作为这项调查的一部分，必须特别关注早产儿等弱势群体的实际护理。基于收集的数据，诊断和治疗应统一。无论婴儿出生在哪个产科诊所，都应有相同的早期诊断机会，从而对先天性听力障碍进行预后更好的治疗。出生后迅速佩戴助听器可以刺激中枢听觉系统的成熟，并可能有助于避免听力和言语发育问题。
