Department of Biotechnology, Sector 25, BMS Block-1, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
Curr Drug Targets. 2017 Nov 30;18(16):1904-1918. doi: 10.2174/1389450118666170711150034.
Mycobacteria genus is responsible for deadly diseases like tuberculosis and leprosy. Cell wall of bacteria belonging to this genus is unique in many ways. It plays a major role in the pathogenesis and intracellular survival inside the host. In intracellular pathogens, their cell wall acts as molecular shield and interacts with host cell milieu to modulate host defense responses.
In this review, we summarize the factors that participate in the biosynthesis of unique mycobacterial cell wall, understand their potential as drug targets and the recent developments where they have been evaluated as possible drug targets.
Several cell wall associated factors that play crucial roles in the synthesis of cell wall components like Antigen 85 complex, Glycosyltransferases (GTs), LM (lipomannan) and LAM (lipoarabinomannan), mAGP Complex, lipolytic enzyme have been categorically documented. Most of the presently used anti TB regimens interrupted cell wall synthesis, but the emergence of drug resistant strains made it mandatory to identify new drug targets. Novel drug candidates which could inhibit the synthesis of cell wall components have been thoroughly studied worldwide.
Studies demonstrated that the cell wall components are unique in terms of their contribution in mycobacterium pathogenesis. Targeting these can hamper the growth of M. tuberculosis. In this study, we scrutinize the drugs under trials and the potential candidates screened through in silico findings.
分枝杆菌属是导致结核病和麻风病等致命疾病的罪魁祸首。该属细菌的细胞壁在许多方面都是独一无二的。它在发病机制和宿主细胞内的存活中起着主要作用。在细胞内病原体中，它们的细胞壁起到分子盾牌的作用，并与宿主细胞环境相互作用，调节宿主防御反应。
在这篇综述中，我们总结了参与合成独特分枝杆菌细胞壁的因素，了解它们作为药物靶点的潜力，以及最近对它们作为可能药物靶点进行评估的进展。
已经明确记录了几种与细胞壁相关的因子，它们在细胞壁成分的合成中起着至关重要的作用，如抗原 85 复合物、糖基转移酶（GTs）、LM（脂甘露聚糖）和 LAM（脂阿拉伯甘露聚糖）、mAGP 复合物、脂解酶。目前使用的大多数抗结核方案都中断了细胞壁的合成，但耐药菌株的出现使得有必要确定新的药物靶点。能够抑制细胞壁成分合成的新型药物候选物已在全球范围内进行了深入研究。
研究表明，细胞壁成分在分枝杆菌发病机制方面具有独特的贡献。针对这些成分可以阻碍结核分枝杆菌的生长。在这项研究中，我们仔细审查了临床试验中的药物和通过计算机筛选出的潜在候选药物。
