Baldissera M D, Souza C F, Doleski P H, Moreira K L S, da Veiga M L, da Rocha M I U M, Santos R C V, Baldisserotto B
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
J Fish Dis. 2018 Jan;41(1):27-32. doi: 10.1111/jfd.12665. Epub 2017 Jul 12.
It has been recognized that the cholinergic and adenosinergic systems have an essential role in immune and inflammatory responses during bacterial fish pathogens, such as the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and adenosine deaminase (ADA), which are responsible for catalysis of the anti-inflammatory molecules acetylcholine (ACh) and adenosine (Ado) respectively. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of the cholinergic and adenosinergic systems on the immune response and inflammatory process in gills of experimentally infected Rhamdia quelen with Streptococcus agalactiae. Acetylcholinesterase activity decreased, while ACh levels increased in gills of infected animals compared to uninfected animals. On the other hand, a significant increase in ADA activity with a concomitant decrease in Ado levels was observed in infected animals compared to uninfected animals. Based on this evidence, we concluded that infection by S. agalactiae in silver catfish alters the cholinergic and adenosinergic systems, suggesting the involvement of AChE and ADA activities on immune and inflammatory responses, regulating the ACh and Ado levels. In summary, the downregulation of AChE activity exerts an anti-inflammatory profile in an attempt to reduce or prevent the tissue damage, while the upregulation of ADA activity exerts a pro-inflammatory profile, contributing to disease pathophysiology.
人们已经认识到，胆碱能和腺苷能系统在细菌性鱼类病原体引发的免疫和炎症反应中起着至关重要的作用，比如乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）和腺苷脱氨酶（ADA）这两种酶，它们分别负责催化抗炎分子乙酰胆碱（ACh）和腺苷（Ado）。因此，本研究的目的是调查胆碱能和腺苷能系统在实验性感染无乳链球菌的奎氏滑鲇鳃部免疫反应和炎症过程中的作用。与未感染动物相比，感染动物鳃部的乙酰胆碱酯酶活性降低，而ACh水平升高。另一方面，与未感染动物相比，感染动物的ADA活性显著增加，同时Ado水平降低。基于这些证据，我们得出结论，无乳链球菌感染银鲶会改变胆碱能和腺苷能系统，这表明AChE和ADA活性参与了免疫和炎症反应，调节了ACh和Ado水平。总之，AChE活性的下调发挥抗炎作用，试图减少或预防组织损伤，而ADA活性的上调发挥促炎作用，促进疾病病理生理过程。
