Knight M E, Roberts R J
Pediatr Clin North Am. 1986 Apr;33(2):299-309. doi: 10.1016/s0031-3955(16)35003-9.
Antipsychotic agents are widely used for the treatment of psychotic disorders as well as for the acute treatment of nausea and vomiting, cough and cold treatments, and as supplementary agents for sedation for minor surgical or diagnostic procedures. There are many different circumstances in which the clinician may encounter a child who has experienced antipsychotic drug toxicity, such as from an acute accidental ingestion or as a side effect from therapeutic use. The phenothiazines and butyrophenone drugs have many pharmacologic actions. Thus, a wide range of clinical symptoms and signs may be encountered with their use. Treatment of antipsychotic drug toxicity includes general supportive care and monitoring, along with specific treatment of certain situations such as acute extrapyramidal syndromes and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. An awareness of the diverse and complex manifestations that may be associated with these agents will greatly aid in the evaluation of a child who presents with unusual behavioral or neurologic problems. Due to the unpredictable toxicity of these drugs, routine therapeutic use for such conditions as nausea and vomiting and as cough or cold aids is not recommended.
抗精神病药物被广泛用于治疗精神障碍，以及急性治疗恶心和呕吐、咳嗽和感冒，还用作小型外科手术或诊断程序镇静的辅助药物。临床医生可能会在许多不同情况下遇到经历抗精神病药物中毒的儿童，例如急性意外摄入或治疗使用的副作用。吩噻嗪类和丁酰苯类药物有许多药理作用。因此，使用这些药物时可能会出现广泛的临床症状和体征。抗精神病药物中毒的治疗包括一般支持性护理和监测，以及对某些情况的特定治疗，如急性锥体外系综合征和抗精神病药恶性综合征。了解这些药物可能相关的多样且复杂的表现，将极大地有助于评估出现异常行为或神经问题的儿童。由于这些药物毒性不可预测，不建议将其常规用于恶心和呕吐以及咳嗽或感冒辅助治疗等情况。
