Neurotransmitter release and its facilitation in crayfish. VIII. Modulation of release by hyperpolarizing pulses.

Quantal postsynaptic currents were recorded by a macro-patch-clamp electrode from synaptic spots on the opener muscle of the walking leg of large crayfish at 0 degrees to 4 degrees C. Through the same electrode, current pulses were applied which de- or hyperpolarized the nerve terminal. The depolarizing test pulse of fixed amplitude and duration elicited EPSCs with an average quantum content m1. If the test pulse was preceded or followed immediately by a modulatory hyperpolarizing pulse, the quantum content m1p of the EPSC was reduced by factors m1/m1p up to 10. This modulation of release increased with amplitude and duration of hyperpolarization, reaching a saturation level for durations greater than 3 ms. If an interval was interposed between modulatory hyperpolarization and test pulse, the reduction of release decayed with increasing interval with a time constant of about 2 ms. The release m2 due to a second test pulse following the first one with 10 ms interval was facilitated, m2/m1 greater than 1. If release by the first test pulse was modulated by associated hyperpolarizing pre- or post-pulses, facilitation of the second test EPSC was not reduced in comparison to facilitation without modulation. The time course of phasic release (distribution of delays of quanta after test pulse) was not appreciably affected by hyperpolarizing pre-pulses, but such post-pulses shortened the delay of the maximum of release. The effects of modulatory pre- and post-pulses could be described by an extension of the model given in H. Parnas et al. (1986). Release 'sites', S, are assumed to have two inactive states, T1 and T.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)