Graham Drew A, Vanos Jennifer K, Kenny Natasha A, Brown Robert D
School of Environmental Design and Rural Development, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 Jul 14;14(7):778. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14070778.
Urban residents are at risk of health-related illness during extreme heat events but the dangers are not equal in all parts of a city. Previous studies have found a relationship between physical characteristics of neighborhoods and the number of emergency medical response (EMR) calls. We used a human energy budget model to test the effects of landscape modifications that are designed to cool the environment on the expected number of EMR calls in two neighborhoods in Toronto, Canada during extreme heat events. The cooling design strategies reduced the energy overload on people by approximately 20-30 W m, resulting in an estimated 40-50% reduction in heat-related ambulance calls. These findings advance current understanding of the relationship between the urban landscape and human health and suggest straightforward design strategies to positively influence urban heat-health.
在极端高温事件期间，城市居民面临与健康相关疾病的风险，但城市各区域面临的危险程度并不相同。此前的研究发现，社区的物理特征与紧急医疗响应（EMR）呼叫次数之间存在关联。我们使用人体能量平衡模型，测试旨在冷却环境的景观改造对加拿大多伦多两个社区在极端高温事件期间预计的EMR呼叫次数的影响。冷却设计策略使人体的能量过载减少了约20 - 30瓦/平方米，预计与高温相关的救护车呼叫次数减少了40 - 50%。这些发现推进了当前对城市景观与人类健康之间关系的理解，并提出了直接的设计策略，以对城市热健康产生积极影响。
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