Zimmerman Erin, Herendeen Patrick S, Lewis Gwilym P, Bruneau Anne
Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale and Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H1X 2B2, Canada.
Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Road, Glencoe, Illinois 60022 USA.
Am J Bot. 2017 Jul;104(7):1019-1041. doi: 10.3732/ajb.1600436. Epub 2017 Jul 14.
The Dialioideae is an early diverging clade of caesalpinioid legumes containing approximately 85 species in 17 genera. Dialioideae floral morphology is highly variable and may provide clues to caesalpinioid evolution, but a well-resolved phylogeny is needed. Here, we have carried out a comprehensive morphological study of 78 Dialioideae and four outgroup species.
For all available Dialioideae DNA samples, the plastid and introns were sequenced. A combined phylogenetic analysis using the parsimony criterion was completed on a reduced taxon set for which both molecular and morphological data were available. Highly supported clades from the strict consensus tree of this analysis were then used to constrain the nodes of a second analysis on an expanded taxon set with missing molecular data for some taxa.
Several new, highly supported relationships have been discovered at the species and genus levels. The loss of the antepetalous stamen whorl was found to be a synapomorphy for most of the clade.
A high degree of organ loss is common in the Dialioideae and often results in a bilaterally symmetrical flower. The absence of consistent morphological features in the Dialioideae, coupled with the small size of each florally diagnosed genus, suggests a lack of canalization in the floral evolution in early diverging legume lineages.
Dialioideae是云实亚科豆科植物中一个早期分化的分支，包含17个属约85个物种。Dialioideae的花形态高度可变，可能为云实亚科的进化提供线索，但需要一个解析良好的系统发育树。在此，我们对78种Dialioideae和4种外类群物种进行了全面的形态学研究。
对所有可用的Dialioideae DNA样本，对质体和内含子进行测序。在一个缩小的分类群集合上完成了使用简约标准的联合系统发育分析，该集合同时具备分子和形态学数据。然后，将此分析的严格合意树中得到高度支持的分支用于约束对一个扩大的分类群集合进行的第二次分析的节点，其中一些分类群缺少分子数据。
在物种和属水平上发现了几个新的、得到高度支持的关系。发现对瓣雄蕊轮的缺失是该分支大部分类群的一个共衍征。
器官高度缺失在Dialioideae中很常见，并且常常导致两侧对称的花。Dialioideae中缺乏一致的形态特征，再加上每个花部诊断属的规模较小，表明早期分化的豆科谱系在花的进化中缺乏趋同进化。
