Will Maria, Claßen-Bockhoff Regine
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Institut für Spezielle Botanik, Anselm-Franz-von-Bentzel-Weg 2, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2017 Apr;109:33-58. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.041. Epub 2017 Jan 3.
Salvia L. is widely known as the largest genus in the mint family. A morphological modification of the androecium (lever-like stamens) was used to support this genus. However, molecular data revealed that Salvia is polyphyletic. Since phylogenetic studies largely underrepresented Old World Salvia species, we filled this gap and combined new data with existing sequences. The aim of our study was the identification of well-supported clades that provide the basis for evolutionary and taxonomic conclusions.
We included ITS data (internal transcribed spacer) from 220 Salvia species, 86 of which were sequenced for the first time. Additionally, the highly variable plastid marker rpl32-trnL was sequenced, providing new data for 100 Salvia species. These sequences were combined with the accessions available from GenBank. Old World Salvia is represented herein with 57% of its species. The two datasets were analyzed separately using BI and ML approaches.
Our data confirm that Salvia is polyphyletic with four distinct evolutionary lineages (Clade I-IV), including five additional genera. The clades strongly reflect the geographical distribution, i.e., Clade IV (East Asia), Clade III (Southwest Asia to Northern Africa), and Clade II (America). The origin of Salvia s.s. (Clade I) is most likely Southwest Asia. A high degree of parallel character evolution was identified in most of the Old World sections. Based on our results, we reconstructed the evolution and biogeography of Salvia s.l. and propose to split this large group into six genera, each supported by geographical distribution, morphology, and karyology.
Salvia s.l. is a polyphyletic group that was originally regarded as a genus because its species share a derived stamen structure. However, phylogenetic data clearly indicate that this floral trait and other morphological characters evolved in parallel. Our study illustrates that the combination of different data sets allows a comprehensive reconstruction of taxa and characteristic evolution, both of which are a precondition for future revision.
鼠尾草属是唇形科中广为人知的最大属。雄蕊的形态变异（杠杆状雄蕊）曾被用来支持该属。然而，分子数据显示鼠尾草属是多系的。由于系统发育研究在很大程度上未充分代表旧世界的鼠尾草属物种，我们填补了这一空白，并将新数据与现有序列相结合。我们研究的目的是识别得到充分支持的分支，为进化和分类学结论提供依据。
我们纳入了220种鼠尾草属植物的ITS数据（内转录间隔区），其中86种是首次测序。此外，对高度可变的质体标记rpl32 - trnL进行了测序，为100种鼠尾草属植物提供了新数据。这些序列与从GenBank获取的序列相结合。旧世界的鼠尾草属植物在本文中有57%的物种被代表。使用贝叶斯推断（BI）和最大似然法（ML）分别分析这两个数据集。
我们的数据证实鼠尾草属是多系的，有四个不同的进化分支（分支I - IV），包括另外五个属。这些分支强烈反映了地理分布，即分支IV（东亚）、分支III（西南亚至北非）和分支II（美洲）。狭义鼠尾草属（分支I）的起源最有可能是西南亚。在大多数旧世界的组中发现了高度的平行性状进化。基于我们的结果，我们重建了广义鼠尾草属的进化和生物地理学，并建议将这个大群体分为六个属，每个属都有地理分布、形态学和核型学的支持。
广义鼠尾草属是一个多系类群，最初被视为一个属是因为其物种共享一种衍生的雄蕊结构。然而，系统发育数据清楚地表明这种花部特征和其他形态特征是平行进化的。我们的研究表明，不同数据集的结合能够全面重建分类单元和特征进化，这两者都是未来修订的前提条件。
