Farid Huma, Shinwari Muhammad Saad, Khan Farhan Raza, Tanwir Farzin
Operative Dentistry Department, Margalla Institute of Health Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Pakistan Air Force Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan.
J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2017 Jan-Mar;29(1):132-138.
Smile is an expression of happiness, self-confidence, kindness and beauty. Along with teeth and lips, gingiva is also a vital component of smile. Melanin induced gingival hyper pigmentation may appear un-aesthetic especially when it is associated with high smile line, upper anterior labial segment and is uneven in appearance. It affects individuals from all races. Generally, it is believed that melanin induced gingival hyper pigmentation is confined to individuals from dark races. But studies have shown that Iranian, Indian, Italian, Arabian, Greek. German, French, Japanese, Chinese, Jewish, Thai, Malaysian and other ethnic groups also display clinical gingival pigmentation.1 Gingival hyper pigmentation may result in psychological distress especially when the appearance is of utmost importance for the individuals. This article aims to focus on the physiology, clinical appearance and treatment options available for the melanin induced gingival hyper pigmentation along with the reported recurrence in the light of current literature.
微笑是幸福、自信、友善和美丽的一种表达。牙龈与牙齿和嘴唇一样,也是微笑的重要组成部分。黑色素诱导的牙龈色素沉着可能显得不美观,尤其是当它与高微笑线、上前唇段相关且外观不均匀时。它影响所有种族的个体。一般认为,黑色素诱导的牙龈色素沉着仅限于深色人种个体。但研究表明,伊朗人、印度人、意大利人、阿拉伯人、希腊人、德国人、法国人、日本人、中国人、犹太人、泰国人、马来西亚人和其他种族群体也存在临床牙龈色素沉着。牙龈色素沉着可能会导致心理困扰,尤其是当外观对个体至关重要时。本文旨在根据当前文献,重点探讨黑色素诱导的牙龈色素沉着的生理、临床表现、治疗选择以及报道的复发情况。