School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
Neuropsychiatric Research Institute and University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, ND, United States.
Appetite. 2017 Oct 1;117:351-358. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.07.012. Epub 2017 Jul 13.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Grazing has been associated with poor weight loss or weight regain in obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery, but research remains scarce and complicated by the use of different non-validated measures. The aim of this paper is to describe the validation of the Rep(eat)-Q, a self-report measure developed to assess grazing, and investigates its relationship with BMI and psychopathology.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: 1223 university students and community participants (non-clinical; Study A) and 154 pre-bariatric and 84 post-bariatric patients (Study B) completed a set of self-report measures, including the Rep(eat)-Q (worded in Portuguese), to assess disordered eating, depression, anxiety, stress and impulsivity. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses tested the factor structure; internal consistency construct, convergent and divergent validity were also tested.
The Rep(eat)-Q scales showed good internal consistency (α ≥ 0.849) and temporal stability (r = 0.824, p < 0.000). Factor analyses generated two subscales: compulsive grazing and repetitive eating. Significant correlations (p < 0.05) were found between the Rep(eat)-Q and BMI in the non-clinical population and weight loss and weight regain in the bariatric sample. Generally, the correlations with psychological distress were weak (r < 0.4). Strong and significant (r≥0.4; p's < 0.05) correlations were found between compulsive grazing and eating disorder psychopathology. Repetitive eating subscale was inversely correlated with cognitive restraint (r -0.321, p < 0.05) and directly correlated with uncontrolled eating and emotional eating (r = 0.754; r = 0.691; p < 0.05).
DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: The Rep(eat)-Q is a valid measure to assess grazing in non-clinical and in bariatric surgery populations. Grazing can be conceptualized on the spectrum of disordered eating behavior, and appears associated with loss of control over eating. Considering the link between grazing and weight outcomes, the Rep(eat)-Q represents a necessary strategy for the systematic screening of grazing.
背景/目的：在接受减重手术的肥胖患者中，放牧与减肥效果不佳或体重反弹有关，但相关研究仍然很少，且受到使用不同非验证性措施的影响。本文的目的是描述 Rep(eat)-Q 的验证，Rep(eat)-Q 是一种自我报告措施，用于评估放牧，并研究其与 BMI 和精神病理学的关系。
受试者/方法：1223 名大学生和社区参与者（非临床；研究 A）和 154 名术前和 84 名术后减重患者（研究 B）完成了一组自我报告措施，包括 Rep(eat)-Q（用葡萄牙语书写），以评估饮食失调、抑郁、焦虑、压力和冲动。探索性和验证性因素分析测试了因素结构；还测试了内部一致性、收敛和发散效度。
Rep(eat)-Q 量表具有良好的内部一致性（α≥0.849）和时间稳定性（r=0.824，p<0.000）。因素分析产生了两个分量表：强迫性放牧和重复性进食。在非临床人群中，Rep(eat)-Q 与 BMI 之间存在显著相关性（p<0.05），在减重样本中与减重和体重反弹之间存在显著相关性。一般来说，与心理困扰的相关性较弱（r<0.4）。在强迫性放牧和饮食障碍精神病理学之间发现了强而显著的相关性（r≥0.4；p<0.05）。重复性进食分量表与认知抑制呈负相关（r=-0.321，p<0.05），与失控进食和情绪进食呈正相关（r=0.754；r=0.691；p<0.05）。
讨论/结论：Rep(eat)-Q 是一种评估非临床和减重手术人群放牧的有效措施。放牧可以被视为饮食失调行为谱中的一种，并且似乎与对进食的控制丧失有关。考虑到放牧与体重结果之间的联系，Rep(eat)-Q 代表了对放牧进行系统筛查的必要策略。
