Andersson Eva A, Frank Per, Pontén Marjan, Ekblom Björn, Ekblom Maria, Moberg Marcus, Sahlin Kent
Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet;
Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet.
J Vis Exp. 2017 Jul 5(125):55518. doi: 10.3791/55518.
This protocol describes the simultaneous use of a broad span of methods to examine muscle aerobic capacity, glucose tolerance, strength, and power in elderly people performing short-term resistance training (RET). Supervised progressive resistance training for 1 h three times a week over 8 weeks was performed by RET participants (71±1 years, range 65-80). Compared to a control group without training, the RET showed improvements on the measures used to indicate strength, power, glucose tolerance, and several parameters of muscle aerobic capacity. Strength training was performed in a gym with only robust fitness equipment. An isokinetic dynamometer for knee extensor strength permitted the measurement of concentric, eccentric, and static strength, which increased for the RET group (8-12% post- versus pre-test). The power (rate of force development, RFD) at the initial 0-30 ms also showed an increase for the RET group (52%). A glucose tolerance test with frequent blood glucose measurements showed improvements only for the RET group in terms of blood glucose values after 2 h (14%) and the area under the curve (21%). The blood lipid profile also improved (8%). From muscle biopsy samples prepared using histochemistry, the amount of fiber type IIa increased, and a trend towards a decrease in IIx in the RET group reflected a change to a more oxidative profile in terms of fiber composition. Western blot (to determine the protein content related to the signaling for muscle protein synthesis) showed a rise of 69% in both Akt and mTOR in the RET group; this also showed an increase in mitochondrial proteins for OXPHOS complex II and citrate synthase (both ~30%) and for complex IV (90%), in only the RET group. We demonstrate that this type of progressive resistance training offers various improvements (e.g., strength, power, aerobic capacity, glucose tolerance, and plasma lipid profile).
本方案描述了同时使用多种方法来检测进行短期抗阻训练（RET）的老年人的肌肉有氧能力、葡萄糖耐量、力量和功率。RET参与者（71±1岁，范围65 - 80岁）进行了为期8周、每周三次、每次1小时的有监督的渐进性抗阻训练。与未训练的对照组相比，RET组在用于指示力量、功率、葡萄糖耐量和肌肉有氧能力的几个参数的测量指标上有所改善。力量训练在只有坚固健身器材的健身房进行。用于测量膝伸肌力量的等速测力计可测量向心、离心和静态力量，RET组这些力量有所增加（测试后比测试前增加8 - 12%）。RET组在初始0 - 30毫秒时的功率（力量发展速率，RFD）也有所增加（52%）。频繁测量血糖的葡萄糖耐量测试显示，仅RET组在2小时后的血糖值（14%）和曲线下面积（21%）方面有所改善。血脂谱也有所改善（8%）。从使用组织化学制备的肌肉活检样本来看，RET组IIa型纤维数量增加，IIx型纤维有减少趋势，这反映出纤维组成向更具氧化能力的状态转变。蛋白质印迹法（用于确定与肌肉蛋白质合成信号相关的蛋白质含量）显示，RET组的Akt和mTOR均升高了69%；仅RET组的线粒体蛋白中，参与氧化磷酸化的复合物II和柠檬酸合酶（均约30%）以及复合物IV（90%）也有所增加。我们证明，这种类型的渐进性抗阻训练能带来多种改善（如力量、功率、有氧能力、葡萄糖耐量和血浆脂质谱）。
