Benoiston Anne-Sophie, Ibarbalz Federico M, Bittner Lucie, Guidi Lionel, Jahn Oliver, Dutkiewicz Stephanie, Bowler Chris
Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Univ. Antilles, Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Evolution Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (EPS - IBPS), 75005 Paris, France.
Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), CNRS UMR8197, INSERM U1024, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2017 Sep 5;372(1728). doi: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0397.
In contemporary oceans diatoms are an important group of eukaryotic phytoplankton that typically dominate in upwelling regions and at high latitudes. They also make significant contributions to sporadic blooms that often occur in springtime. Recent surveys have revealed global information about their abundance and diversity, as well as their contributions to biogeochemical cycles, both as primary producers of organic material and as conduits facilitating the export of carbon and silicon to the ocean interior. Sequencing of diatom genomes is revealing the evolutionary underpinnings of their ecological success by examination of their gene repertoires and the mechanisms they use to adapt to environmental changes. The rise of the diatoms over the last hundred million years is similarly being explored through analysis of microfossils and biomarkers that can be traced through geological time, as well as their contributions to seafloor sediments and fossil fuel reserves. The current review aims to synthesize current information about the evolution and biogeochemical functions of diatoms as they rose to prominence in the global ocean.This article is part of the themed issue 'The peculiar carbon metabolism in diatoms'.
在当代海洋中，硅藻是一类重要的真核浮游植物，通常在上升流区域和高纬度地区占主导地位。它们对春季经常出现的零星水华也有重大贡献。最近的调查揭示了关于它们的丰度和多样性的全球信息，以及它们作为有机物质的初级生产者，以及作为促进碳和硅向海洋内部输送的渠道，对生物地球化学循环的贡献。通过检查硅藻基因组序列及其基因库，以及它们适应环境变化的机制，正在揭示其生态成功的进化基础。通过分析可追溯地质时期的微化石和生物标志物，以及它们对海底沉积物和化石燃料储备的贡献，同样在探索硅藻在过去一亿年中的崛起。本综述旨在综合当前有关硅藻在全球海洋中崛起过程中的进化和生物地球化学功能的信息。本文是主题为“硅藻独特的碳代谢”特刊的一部分。
