1Animal Products and Food Science Program,Division of Animal Applied Science,College of Animal Life Sciences,Kangwon National University,Chuncheon 24341,Republic of Korea.
2Integrated R&D Laboratory,Samyang Foods Co., Ltd,Wonju 25644,Republic of Korea.
Animal. 2018 Feb;12(2):426-433. doi: 10.1017/S1751731117001707. Epub 2017 Jul 20.
Holstein-Friesian steer beef production is renowned globally as a secondary product of the milk industry. Grass feeding is a common practice in raising Holstein steers because of its low cost. Furthermore, grass feeding is an alternative way to produce beef with a balanced n-6 to n-3 fatty acids (FAs) ratio. However, the performance and meat quality of Holstein-Friesian cattle is more likely to depend on a high-quality diet. The aim of this study was to observe whether feeding two mixed diets; a corn-based total mixed ration (TMR) with winter ryegrass (Lolium perenne) or flaxseed oil-supplemented pellets with reed canary grass haylage (n-3 mix) provided benefits on carcass weight, meat quality and FA composition compared with cattle fed with reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) haylage alone. In all, 15 21-month-old Holstein-Friesian steers were randomly assigned to three group pens, were allowed free access to water and were fed different experimental diets for 150 days. Blood samples were taken a week before slaughter. Carcass weight and meat quality were evaluated after slaughter. Plasma lipid levels and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), creatine kinase (CK) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were determined. Diet did not affect plasma triglyceride levels and GGT activity. Plasma cholesterol levels, including low-density and high-density lipoproteins, were higher in both mixed-diet groups than in the haylae group. The highest activities of plasma AST, CK and ALP were observed in the haylage group, followed by n-3 mix and TMR groups, respectively. Carcass weight was lower in the haylage group than in the other groups and no differences were found between the TMR and n-3 mix groups. Although the n-3 mix-fed and haylage-fed beef provided lower n-6 to n-3 FAs ratio than TMR-fed beef, the roasted beef obtained from the TMR group was more acceptable with better overall meat physicochemical properties and sensory scores. According to daily cost, carcass weight and n-6 to n-3 FAs ratio, the finishing diet containing flaxseed oil-supplemented pellets and reed canary grass haylage at the as-fed ratio of 40 : 60 could be beneficial for the production of n-3-enriched beef.
荷斯坦-弗里生公牛牛肉生产以牛奶工业的副产物而闻名全球。由于成本低,草饲是饲养荷斯坦公牛的常见做法。此外,草饲是生产具有平衡 n-6 与 n-3 脂肪酸(FA)比例的牛肉的替代方法。然而,荷斯坦-弗里生牛的性能和肉质更可能取决于高质量的饮食。本研究的目的是观察两种混合日粮;一种以玉米为基础的全混合日粮(TMR)与冬季黑麦草(Lolium perenne)或亚麻籽油补充颗粒与芦苇雀麦干草青贮(n-3 混合)与单独饲喂芦苇雀麦(Phalaris arundinacea)干草青贮相比,是否对胴体重、肉质和 FA 组成有好处。总共 15 头 21 月龄的荷斯坦-弗里生公牛被随机分配到三个群栏中,自由饮水,并在 150 天内喂食不同的实验日粮。在屠宰前一周采集血样。屠宰后评估胴体重和肉质。测定血浆脂质水平和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)、肌酸激酶(CK)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性。日粮不影响血浆甘油三酯水平和 GGT 活性。两种混合日粮组的血浆胆固醇水平,包括低密度和高密度脂蛋白,均高于干草青贮组。AST、CK 和 ALP 活性最高的是干草青贮组,其次是 n-3 混合组和 TMR 组。干草青贮组的胴体重低于其他组,TMR 和 n-3 混合组之间没有差异。尽管 n-3 混合饲料和干草青贮饲料喂养的牛肉的 n-6 与 n-3 FA 比例低于 TMR 喂养的牛肉,但 TMR 组获得的烤牛肉在整体肉质理化特性和感官评分方面更受欢迎。根据日成本、胴体重和 n-6 与 n-3 FA 比例,在 fed 基础上以 40:60 的比例添加亚麻籽油补充颗粒和芦苇雀麦干草青贮的育肥日粮可能有利于生产富含 n-3 的牛肉。