Lyons Minna T, Brewer Gayle, Bethell Emily J
School of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Bedford Street South, Liverpool, L69 7ZA UK.
University of Central Lancashire, Preston, England.
Curr Psychol. 2017;36(2):236-241. doi: 10.1007/s12144-015-9405-z. Epub 2016 Jan 18.
Previous research has demonstrated the influence of parenting on the development of children's empathy. However, few studies have considered the impact of parents on empathy in adulthood, specific components of empathy, or the importance of parent and child biological sex. In the present study, 226 participants (71 men) completed online versions of the Parental Bonding Instrument (Parker et al. 1-10 1979), Empathy Quotient (Baron-Cohen and Wheelwright 163-175 2004), and Interpersonal Reactivity Index (Davis 85 1980). Paternal care and overprotection influenced affective empathy in men, whilst maternal overprotection predicted affective empathy in women. Further, maternal care related to cognitive empathy in men, whilst none of the parental care variables related to cognitive empathy in women. Findings are discussed in relation to sex differences in childhood parenting experiences on adult cognitive and affective empathy.
先前的研究已经证明了养育方式对儿童同理心发展的影响。然而，很少有研究考虑父母对成年期同理心的影响、同理心的具体组成部分，或者父母与子女生物性别的重要性。在本研究中，226名参与者（71名男性）完成了在线版的父母教养方式问卷（帕克等人，1979年，第1 - 10页）、同理心商数问卷（巴伦 - 科恩和惠勒赖特，2004年，第163 - 175页）和人际反应指数问卷（戴维斯，1980年，第85页）。父亲的关爱和过度保护影响了男性的情感同理心，而母亲的过度保护则预测了女性的情感同理心。此外，母亲的关爱与男性的认知同理心有关，而父母关爱变量中没有一个与女性的认知同理心有关。研究结果将结合童年养育经历中关于成人认知和情感同理心的性别差异进行讨论。
