School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, France.
Microb Ecol. 2018 Feb;75(2):505-514. doi: 10.1007/s00248-017-1034-7. Epub 2017 Jul 19.
In organisms with complex life histories, dramatic changes in microbial community structure may occur with host development and immune system maturation. Amphibian host susceptibility to diseases such as chytridiomycosis may be affected by the reorganization of skin microbial community structure that occurs during metamorphosis. We tracked changes in the bacterial communities inhabiting skin of Korean fire-bellied toads (Bombina orientalis) that we infected as tadpoles with different strains of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), the pathogenic fungus that causes chytridiomycosis. We found that B. orientalis undergoes a major change in skin bacterial community composition between 5 and 15 days following metamorphosis. Richness indices and phylogenetic diversity measures began to diverge earlier, between aquatic and terrestrial stages. Our results further reveal differences in skin bacterial community composition among infection groups, suggesting that the effect of Bd infection on skin microbiome composition may differ by Bd strain. Additional studies are needed to further investigate the structural and temporal dynamics of microbiome shifts during metamorphosis in wild and captive amphibian populations. Analyses of the ontogeny of microbiome shifts may contribute to an understanding of why amphibians vary in their susceptibility to chytridiomycosis.
在具有复杂生活史的生物中，随着宿主的发育和免疫系统的成熟，微生物群落结构可能会发生剧烈变化。两栖动物宿主对诸如壶菌病等疾病的易感性可能受到变态过程中皮肤微生物群落结构重组的影响。我们跟踪了感染不同品系的蛙壶菌（Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis，引起壶菌病的致病真菌）的蝌蚪期韩国火腹蟾蜍（Bombina orientalis）皮肤中栖息细菌群落的变化。我们发现，B. orientalis 在变态后 5 至 15 天之间，皮肤细菌群落组成发生了重大变化。丰富度指数和系统发育多样性指标在水生和陆生阶段之间更早开始出现分歧。我们的结果进一步揭示了感染组之间皮肤细菌群落组成的差异，表明蛙壶菌感染对皮肤微生物组组成的影响可能因蛙壶菌菌株而异。需要进一步的研究来进一步调查野生和圈养两栖动物种群变态过程中微生物组变化的结构和时间动态。对微生物组变化的个体发生分析可能有助于理解为什么两栖动物对壶菌病的易感性存在差异。
