Ranitidine and somatostatin. Their effects on bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract.

In a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial, the effect of ranitidine was compared with the effect of somatostatin in the control of massive gastrointestinal tract bleeding. Ninety-six patients completed the study. Rates of continuing bleeding and death, incidence of surgery, and blood transfusion requirements were not significantly different in the three treatment groups. Eighteen of the 96 patients presented with a visible vessel at endoscopy. In this group the percent of patients with continuing bleeding, mean transfusion requirements, and mortality were significantly higher than in patients without a visible vessel. Seven patients with a visible vessel underwent surgery and six survived; 11 patients underwent conservative measures and eight died. Ranitidine and somatostatin do not seem to alter the clinical course of patients with upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage.