Crystal structure of cis-dihydrodiol naphthalene dehydrogenase (NahB) from Pseudomonas sp. MC1: Insights into the early binding process of the substrate.

The bacterial strain Pseudomonas sp. MC1 harbors an 81-kb metabolic plasmid, which encodes enzymes involved in the conversion of naphthalene to salicylate. Of these, the enzyme NahB (cis-dihydrodiol naphthalene dehydrogenase), which catalyzes the second reaction of this pathway, binds to various substrates such as cis-1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxy-naphthalene (1,2-DDN), cis-2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl (2,3-DDB), and 3,4-dihydro-3,4-dihydroxy-2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (3,4-DD-2,2',5-5-TCB). However, the mechanism underlying its broad substrate specificity is unclear owing to the lack of structural information. Here, we determined the first crystal structures of NahB in the absence and presence of NAD and 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl (2,3-DB). Structure analysis suggests that the flexible substrate-binding loop allows NahB to accommodate diverse substrates. Furthermore, we defined the initial steps of substrate recognition and identified the early substrate-binding site in the substrate recognition process through the complex structure with ligands.